GIS BASED LONG TERM HYDROLOGIC IMPACT EVALUATION FOR WATERSHED URBANIZATION1

ABSTRACT: To adequately manage impacts of ongoing or future land use changes in a watershed, the magnitude of their hydrologic impacts needs to be assessed. A grid based daily streamflow model was calibrated with two years of observed streamflow data, using time periods when land use data are available and verified by comparison of model predictions with observed streamflow data. Streamflow data were separated into direct runoff and baseflow to estimate the impacts of urbanization on each hydrologic component. Analysis of the ratio between direct runoff and total runoff from 30 years of simulation results and the change in these ratios with urbanization shows that estimated annual direct runoff increased from 49.2 percent (1973) to 63.1 percent (1984) and 65.0 percent (1991), indicating the effects of urbanization are greater on direct runoff than on total runoff. The direct runoff ratio also varies with annual rainfall, with dry year ratios larger than those for wet years. This suggests that the impact of urbanization on areas that are sensitive to runoff ratios, such as stream ecosystems, might be more serious during drier years than in wetter years in terms of water quality and water yield. This indicates that sustainable base‐flow is important to maintaining sound stream ecosystems.     

安全管理信息系统发展探讨

阐述了安全管理信息系统中安全，管理，信息，系统之间的密切关系。以构建1个有效管理安全信息为目标，从安全信息的界定，安全信息的分类。安全信息的管理绩效等方面进行了分析。对安全管理信息系统的产生背景，目的意义。构建步骤进行了较详细的探讨，为开发基于Internet企业安全信息共享和安全生产管理决策支持系统奠定了基础。     

基于安全性的特种设备维修策略研究

针对我国目前安全生产形势，对特种设备使用与维修应予以特别重视，分析了特种设备维修管理现状及存在的问题，阐述了特种设备维修中的关键问题并提出了解决这些关键问题维修策略；利用计算机辅助故障树分析，找同特种设备维修重点；以特种设备的安全运行为目标；提出了合理维修周期求解模型；设计并实现了特种设备维修管理信息系统，将故障树分析和维修周期求解融入其中，实现了特种设备维修决策的科学化和规范化。实践证明，该信息系统实现了提出的维修策略，对提高特种设备的安全性和经济性有较大的实用价值。     

Environmental decision-making: the influence of policy information

ABSTRACT

The success of technological development depends on citizens’ social acceptance, whereas several challenges related to the understanding of citizens’ reactions to renewable energy and its policies are identifiable. Most importantly, the gap between general attitudes towards the environment and specific voting behaviour regarding environment-friendly policy proposals calls for an explanation of how a policy’s design causes citizens who might otherwise support environmental measures to express opposition in direct democratic votes. Therefore, how policy design and policy information impact opinion formation is investigated. Salient aspects are identified, and the different types of information or qualifications that may cause opposition are considered. This new approach reveals that citizens, in environmental decision-making, do indeed consider policy design and policy information, which they regard as conditions for support, and that the type of policy information matters since citizens do not consider all of the policy details when they make decisions.     

区域大气污染防治管理系统建设需求分析

区域大气污染防治管理系统是生态环境保护信息化工程(《"十二五"国家政务信息化工程建设规划》中规划的国家级信息系统之一)项目建设的重要内容之一.本文对区域大气污染防治管理系统的建设需求进行了分析,系统针对大尺度的区域性大气环境质量问题,紧密结合国务院"大气污染防治行动计划"的目标任务要求,开展数据调度与综合分析等功能的建设,旨在通过数据分析提高重点区域大气环境质量状况与污染成因的评估能力,通过情景模拟与模型运算为区域大气污染治理措施的制定与动态调整提供定量化数据支持.系统的建设与实施将有望成为国家大气污染防治领域跨部门数据共享与交换的基础工程,为区域大气污染防治工作提供有力的信息化技术支撑.     

正态信息扩散法在确定河冰抗压强度概率分布中的应用

将正态信息扩散法应用于小样本条件下河冰抗压强度概率密度函数的确定,建立了小样本条件下河冰抗压强度概率分布,并结合K-S检验法和河冰抗压强度试验数据,分析了该方法的合理性。结果表明,本文方法可以较好解决小样本情况下河冰抗压强度概率分布的确定问题,正态信息扩散分布更加接近河冰抗压强度的真实分布,并优于经典分布的拟合方法。     

基于Web文本的灾害信息挖掘研究进展

Web文本中蕴含着丰富的以自然语言描述的非结构灾害信息和知识。基于Web文本自动提取和构造结构化、综合性灾害信息,是灾害信息领域研究的前沿问题。目前国内外利用Web文本挖掘技术在灾时与灾后的应急响应与救援,灾害的早期预警和风险分析方面进行示范应用;同时在文本灾害信息的语义理解与抽取、文本灾害信息的时空匹配、以及文本灾害信息的不确定性和可靠性评价等关键技术领域迅速展开研究。我国应加强以Web文本为信息源的中文灾害信息挖掘关键技术、软件,以及管理体系的研究,以有效弥补灾害研究与管理过程中灾害数据共享困难,以及可利用的动态实时、综合性灾害数据缺乏的薄弱环节,提升灾害信息服务水平。     

遥感技术在城市建筑震害预测中的应用研究

长期以来,在城市的震害预测研究工作中,建筑物属性信息的主要获取方法是基于人工调查的传统方式。近年来,随着遥感技术的发展,尤其是高分辨率民用遥感卫星的成功发射,使得利用遥感技术进行城市震害预测成为可能。鉴于传统的信息获取方式存在的费时费力,数据获取周期长,数据信息时效性差等缺点,以郑州市中牟县的部分住宅区为例,对高分辨率遥感影像在城市震害预测中的应用做了相应研究。     

Information presentation compatibility in a simple digital control panel design: eye-tracking study

Various designs of typical digital control panels were analyzed experimentally from both the effectiveness and efficiency points of view. Subjects performed information comparison tasks aimed at keeping vehicle velocity at the same level. The experiment involved two versions of speedometers for displaying current and target velocities (clock-face and digital). The stimuli were also differentiated by the target velocity value (20, 50 and 80?km/h) and the correct response type (increase or decrease). Subjects’ performance results along with the eye-tracking data were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for all 24 experimental conditions.     

Ecolinguistics,GIS, and Corpus Linguistics for the Analysis of the Rosemont Copper Mine Debate

This article details an integration of geographical information system (GIS) and corpus linguistics (CL) techniques for an ecolinguistic analysis of a contentious, environmental debate in Arizona, USA. The application of GIS and CL procedures enabled the mapping of place name mentions present within two interest group corpora as well as the mapping of particular meanings and representations of specific places prominent in the debate, that is, maps representing both places and the discursive representations of those places were produced. The corpus-aided analysis and the GIS visualizations exhibit how different interest groups refer to and represent geographical places within their texts and how these references to and representations of places index ideological positions towards the mine and the environment. This integrated CL–GIS approach to the study of environmental discourse provides insights into the discursive representation of place and the importance that references to places serve within environmental discourse. The article briefly discusses the ecolinguistics framework underpinning the work, explains the GIS–CL approach, displays and interprets corpus findings and GIS visualizations, and details implications for additional GIS–CL research for environmental discourse.