城市园林绿化资源及调查技术研究

城市园林绿化资源是主要服务于城市居民、支持植物和以植物为主体的城市生态系统存在与发展的因素和条件,及其各种天然的和经过人工改造的结果,具有明显的自然属性和社会属性两重性。城市园林绿化资源调查就是全面查清城市园林绿化资源的自然属性和社会属性．状态。研究了调查因子的设计,调查技术规程的架构,调查图斑的概念和区划方法,及绿色遥感信息提取和资源管理地理信息系统开发技术设计,并应用于2010开展的徐州市城市园林绿化资源调查中,取得了较好的成果。     

信息化施工法在永蓝高速公路边坡工程中的应用

信息化施工是山区高速公路建设的关键技术之一,对路基、桥隧等的设计施工均发挥重要作用。本文以永蓝高速公路新铺子隧道出口高边坡工程为依托,对高速公路边坡工程信息化施工方法进行了系统的探讨。研究指出边坡工程信息化施工方法的主要内容是通过发掘施工中所揭露的地质信息,进行必要的位移和应力等方面的监测,以获得相应资料及数据进行边（...     

The nuclear disaster management system in Taiwan: a case study of the third (Maanshan) nuclear power plant

This paper explores the effectiveness of the nuclear disaster management system in Taiwan via a review of the third (Maanshan) nuclear power plant. In doing so, the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan on 11 March 2011 is reviewed and compared with the situation in Taiwan. The latter's nuclear disaster management system is examined with respect to three key variables: information; mobilisation; and inter‐organisational cooperation. In‐depth interviews with 10 policy stakeholders with different backgrounds serve as the research method. The results point up the need for improvement in all dimensions. In addition, they highlight three principal problems with the nuclear disaster management system: (i) it might not be possible to provide first‐hand nuclear disaster information immediately to the communities surrounding the Maanshan facility in Pingtung County, southern Taiwan; (ii) the availability of medical resources for treating radiation in Hengchun Township is limited; and (iii) the inter‐organisational relationships for addressing nuclear disasters need to be strengthened. Hence, cooperation among related organisations is necessary.     

南水北调重要水源地的土地生态安全动态研究 ——以陕西省商洛市为例

土地生态安全对区域可持续发展具有重要影响。论文从影响土地生态安全的自然、 社会、 经济和环境因素方面选取了23个指标,构建商洛市土地生态安全评价指标体系,运用计量模型,对商洛市土地生态安全进行定量综合评价。结果表明:2000—2009年商洛市土地利用结构信息熵从1.031 4降低到0.980 5,土地利用结构均衡度不断降低,并向非均衡态发展;土地生态安全综合指数整体呈上升趋势,土地生态安全状况不断改善,土地生态安全压力尚未得到根本缓解;商洛市土地生态安全的威胁主要源于土地自然生态系统,土地经济生态系统的限制作用逐渐减小;人均耕地面积、 旱涝保收率、 人口自然增长率、 单位面积化肥和地膜施用量等因子成为商洛市土地生态安全的主要限制因素。     

海洋生态系统健康评价软件的研制与应用

基于我国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项课题构建的生态系统健康评价指标体系和评价模式,应用数据库技术及面向对象的信息系统开发技术,研制了海洋生态系统健康评价软件,实现了评价过程的信息化、规范化、科学化。根据908专项调查数据,用该软件评价了我国近岸海域、近海海域及重点海域生态系统健康状况,制作了评价专题图,为海洋生态管理及决策支持提供重要的依据。     

榆林市环境信息综合办公一体化的设想

为提高环保部门环境监管的效率和决策水平,实现现代化环境信息管理,在分析榆林市环境信息化建设的基础上,从环境管理的角度出发,结合榆林市环境信息化建设现状,将环境信息系统(EIS)的专业性和综合办公系统(OA)的大众性相结合,使两大系统在国家环境信息化建设的总架构下实现共享,设想环境信息与综合办公一体化,并对该一体化系统核心单元及其功能进行了叙述。     

消费者对不同层次安全信息可追溯猪肉的支付意愿研究

为满足消费者猪肉安全需求,防范猪肉的安全风险,国家商务部等从2010年开始分批选择若干个城市实施肉类可追溯体系.可追溯猪肉能否有效推广内在地取决于消费者的支付意愿.本文基于随机n价实验拍卖方法,对江苏无锡市区272位消费者对具有不同层次安全信息的三种类型可追溯猪肉的支付意愿进行了研究,结果表明,参与者愿意为具有可追溯属性的猪后腿肉支付一定的溢价,且对具有养殖信息与政府认证信息的可追溯猪后腿肉具有更高的支付意愿;而进一步运用MVP模型的研究证实,消费者对三种不同层次安全信息属性的可追溯猪后腿肉的偏好具有差异性.因此,政府完善猪肉可追溯体系并与政府认证机制相结合是满足消费者对不同层次安全信息的可追溯猪肉的市场需求,促进可追溯食品推广普及的重要路径.     

Research on Public Participation and Information Publicity in Strategic Environmental Assessment

Abstract

It has been generally recognized that strategic environmental assessment integrates environment and development into decision-making and becomes an important decision-making tool for implementing sustainable development. This paper firstly introduces the relationships of SEA, public participation(PP)and information publicity(IP), then discusses the key parts in enforcing the effective process of PP: They are the methods for how to make sufficient information open (What), when to implement PP (When), who will determinate the public (Who), and how to make the models of PP (How). Six cases are compared and analyzed. At last, ways to improve the effectiveness of PP in China is also presented.     

流域水资源丰富度评价的MFP模型及应用

水资源系统与许多因素有关,如各种水资源量、人口、社会经济发展指标等,它们共同组成了一个典型的复杂非线性系统。以最大流原理为基础,导出了描述水资源系统的信息动力学演化方程,建立了水资源评价的信息动力学模型,运用信息动力学模型建立了评价标准。该模型无需人为给定参数,客观性强,操作简便。最后运用理论模型对辽西沿海诸河流域水资源丰富度进行评价分析,得到各流域的丰富度状况,并与其它模型评定结果做出了比较,结果表明该方法具有较好的合理性和可操作性。由于该模型从一定程度上体现了水资源丰富度系统的演化动力学机理和水资源系统时空演变特性。因此,不仅在评价上有较大的优越性,在水资源丰富度发展变化状态的预测上也具有潜力。     

Streamflow Depletion Modeling: Methods for an Adaptable and Conjunctive Water Management Decision Support Tool

Groundwater pumping depletes streamflow, which can have significant ecological impacts depending on the magnitude of depletion relative to environmental flow needs. Streamflow depletion estimates from groundwater pumping have been quantified using both analytical and numerical methods, but are not routinely compared to environmental flow needs or used in practical water management tools. Decision support tools that incorporate groundwater dynamics are becoming increasingly necessary for water managers as groundwater regulations become more important in environmental policy, particularly concerning the preservation of environmental flow needs. We develop and apply methods for a web‐based decision support tool for conjunctive groundwater and surface water management, demonstrated using a case study watershed in British Columbia, Canada. Open‐source data are analyzed with a combination of spatial algorithms and previously developed analytical models, such that the tool can be applied to other regions. Streamflow depletion estimates are calculated in four regions in the largely undeveloped Bulkley Valley, British Columbia. Our transparent methodology has geographic and data input flexibility which is a significant improvement on currently existing water management tool methods.