GIS技术在浙江地震速报中的应用

介绍了浙江省数字地震台网建设中GIS辅助地震速报的实现技术思路和实现方法。主要描述GIS技术的特点以及如何利用GIS实现地震速报,给出了详细的技术方案和主要的程序实现代码。对地震速报的精度和效率作了分析,并在实践工作中得以检验。最后对已开发程序的不足做了总结。     

武夷山市土地利用结构信息熵动态研究

应用Shannon等人提出的Shannon熵理论,研究武夷山市土地利用结构信息熵的动态演变规律及其成因.结果表明,该市土地利用结构信息熵值较全国水平低,具有时间上的动态性,在研究年限内呈单调递增趋势,土地利用系统向无序方向发展; 林地、交通用地、居民点及工矿用地、水利设施用地面积的高低是影响该市土地利用结构信息熵值大小的决定性因素; 整体上看,武夷山市耕地、林地和未利用地面积所占比重呈递减趋势,园地、居民点及工矿用地、交通用地的面积的比例呈递增趋势.     

特种设备安全监察地理信息系统设计

TS-GIS项目基于特种设备数据库系统和信息网络,以电子地图为背景,在监察机构对特种设备的动态监管中起到十分重要的作用,为地方政府在发生重特大事故时的紧急救援,及防范、控制和最大限度减轻特种设备特大和重大事故灾害提供了先进的技术手段,为企业对设备的运行监控、预警保障和安全生产提供了有力的支持.TS-GIS的建设为决策支持系统搭建基础网络平台和数据平台.本文对系统的设计思路、集成、数据库建设、应用开发等方面进行了较为详细的论述,并对系统下一步的建设作了技术上的探讨,为TS-GIS的建设提供了一套先进可行的技术手段,为特种设备安全监察地理信息系统的建设打下基础.     

Predicting barrier passage and habitat suitability for migratory fish species

Fish migrate to spawn, feed, seek refuge from predators, and escape harmful environmental conditions. The success of upstream migration is limited by the presence of barriers that can impede the passage of fish. We used a spatially explicit modeling strategy to examine the effects of barriers on passage for 21 native and non-native migratory fish species and the amount of suitable habitat blocked for each species. Spatially derived physical parameter estimates and literature based fish capabilities and tolerances were used to predict fish passage success and habitat suitability. Both the fish passage and the habitat suitability models accurately predicted fish presence above barriers for most common, non-stocked species. The fish passage model predicted that barriers greater than or equal to 6 m block all migratory species. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) was expected to be blocked the least. The habitat suitability model predicted that low gradient streams with intact habitat quality were likely to support the highest number of fish species. The fish passage and habitat suitability models were intended to be used by environmental managers as strategy development tools to prioritize candidate dams for field assessment and make decisions regarding the management of migratory fish populations.     

Sources and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal sediments of the Basque Country (Bay of Biscay)

This contribution characterises the sources and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of the Basque coast (Bay of Biscay). Different source characterisation approaches (i.e. GIS assisted-chemometrics, PAH diagnostic ratios and analyses of composition profiles) were used in combination to successfully identify the factors determining the origin and distribution of PAHs. Urban/industrial combustion processes were identified as the main PAH source. However, the analysis of PAH composition patterns and diagnostic ratios identified secondary natural and petrogenic PAH sources on small spatial scales. The median ∑18PAH concentration ranged from 66 μg kg^?1 (d.w.) to 7021 μg kg^?1 (d.w.). The Ibaizabal estuary, which supports most of the anthropogenic pressure in the region (i.e. urban development, industrialisation, commercial and recreational harbours), also showed the highest PAH concentrations. On the shelf, human activities, hydrodynamic conditions and geomorphological features led to spatial differences in the PAH concentrations among sectors: the offshore and west sectors were characterised by higher concentrations, while the lowest values were found in the mid and east sectors. The results enhance the knowledge on PAH-related contamination processes and could be used to support the environmental assessment process required under current European marine legislation.     

When information becomes action: drivers of individuals' trust in broadcast versus peer‐to‐peer information in disaster response

Information and communications technology (ICT), primarily mobile telephones and social media, is increasingly important in crisis and disaster response in developing countries. This fact raises an important question: in an information environment that includes traditional media such as radio and television, who are the people that trust information from ICT enough to act on it during a disaster? Drawing on a case study of and original survey data from the island nation of the Independent State of Samoa, this paper yields insights into who uses new technologies, particularly mobile telephones, to make decisions at the local level during crises such as natural disasters, as well as the socio‐political factors that motivate their behaviour. The results add to the growing pool of knowledge on utilisation of ICT and new technologies in developing countries for disaster response, and provide practical information on the social and political factors that lead people to trust different information sources and media.     

游客信息行为对文化遗产旅游难忘体验的作用路径及调节效果--以平遥古城为例

以平遥古城为例,探究游客信息行为对文化遗产旅游难忘体验的作用路径和异质性的调节效果。结果发现:游客信息行为对文化遗产旅游难忘体验的影响有直接影响和间接影响两条路径;异质性游客在信息对难忘体验的影响上存在显著调节效果;遗产地吸引力通过对游客再访意图的影响完全转化为难忘体验来发挥作用。     

水体富营养化驱动因子粗糙分析

基于水质污染因子及其污染特性存在不确定性的特点,将粗糙集理论应用于水质污染因子及特性分析,建立污染因子评价粗糙集数学模型.该模型仅依赖于数据本身提供的信息,挖掘污染因子之间不确定的分类关系,计算其对水体污染或水质富营养化的重要性即贡献率大小,科学、快速和客观地揭示水体污染中起主导作用的污染来源,为水体污染控制提供理论依据.应用数学模型分析巢湖12个监测点的水质数据,确定巢湖主要污染因子及其导致湖泊富营养化的贡献率,结果显示TP、COD、TN等是导致巢湖水体富营养化的重要因子,今后应控制巢湖入湖水体的总磷及其有机污染物含量,以改善巢湖水质富营养化状况.     

Digital disparities and vulnerability: mobile phone use,information behaviour,and disaster preparedness in Southeast Asia

This paper proposes an ecological view to investigate how disparities in mobile technology use reflect vulnerabilities in communities vis‐à‐vis disaster preparedness. Data (n=1,603) were collected through a multi‐country survey conducted equally in rural and urban areas of Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines, and Vietnam, where mobile technology has become a dominant and ubiquitous communication and information medium. The findings show that smartphone users' routinised use of mobile technology and their risk perception are significantly associated with disaster preparedness behaviour indirectly through disaster‐related information sharing. In addition to disaster‐specific social support, smartphone users' disaster‐related information repertoires are another strong influencing factor. In contrast, non‐smartphone users are likely to rely solely on receipt of disaster‐specific social support as the motivator of disaster preparedness. The results also reveal demographic and rural–urban differences in disaster information behaviour and preparedness. Given the increasing shift from basic mobile phone models to smartphones, the theoretical and policy‐oriented implications of digital disparities and vulnerability are discussed.     

大数据发展的信息安全风险防御探析

大数据的发展及广泛应用加大了信息化系统及数据的脆弱性,信息安全风险向系统化、复杂化方向发展。在搜集、整理国内外相关研究成果基础上,系统辨识数据采集、数据传输、数据存储、数据分析4个大数据核心环节的信息安全风险,围绕“风险辨识、脆弱性降低、风险沟通、强化风险管理”的风险治理流程,以防范与化解信息安全风险为目标,提出大数据发展的信息安全防御策略。研究结果表明:大数据全生命周期是信息安全风险辨识的起点,强化大数据发展的信息安全风险防御,需要在风险辨识基础上,积极推进预防准备、风险沟通、信息安全事件处置及恢复总结。