基于GIS的营口港总体规划生态环境影响分析

规划环境影响评价是目前战略环境评价(SEA)研究中最活跃的领域.港口总体规划属于交通运输规划的范畴,涉及多种生态环境要素,对其实施后的生态环境效应进行分析和评价具有重要的现实意义.以营口港总体规划对大气和水环境影响及其对近海海域生态敏感区的影响为例,采用遥感(RS)与地理信息系统(GIS)相结合的技术,建立与评价相关的基于GIS的基础数据平台,运用GIS的空间分析功能对港区规划的生态环境影响进行分析和评估.实例研究表明,营口港规划实施将对陆域生态环境产生一定影响,对于海域生态敏感区的影响则较小.      

基于区域环境风险评价的产业布局规划优化研究

区域环境风险评价相比单个项目的评价具有信息相对缺乏、风险因素多,风险叠加难度大等特点.信息扩散法可有效应对评价信息不足问题,通过构建和运行风险信息矩阵实现对多个环境风险源的风险值叠加,并最终形成风险分区图以指导区域布局优化和风险管理.本研究结合广州南沙地区发展规划,应用信息扩散法对区域现有及规划风险源进行综合评估,并得出区域综合环境风险4级分区.评价结果显示,规划的石化基地布局不合理,将大幅增加区域环境风险等级,提出放弃该产业规划或重新选址,该建议得到最终决策的支持.建议区域开发在规划的初始阶段就考虑开展环境风险评价,以此论证区域功能划分和产业布局的环境合理性,实现优化区域开发和加强区域环境风险防控的目的.     

信息安全的现阶段问题分析与发展动向

随着佶息技术的发展,信息的存储和传输过程中不断涌现出各种安全问题.本文通过对最近阶段相关领域文献的研究,从技术上和管理上总结、分析了国内外近年来信息安全技术的新进展和发展方向,介绍了密码学、病毒防护、通信安全、入侵检测、版权保护等分支领域的新动向.     

基于GIS的汉江中下游农业面源氮磷负荷研究

根据汉江中下游农业面源污染治理决策的需求，在大量实地观测资料区域地理与农业环境数据基础上，开发并建立了汉江中下游农业面源动态监测信息系统。以此为技术支持，运用数学模型及其与GIS相结合的技术，研究了汉江中下游农业面源污染的负荷及分布规律。     

基于GIS的湖北省洪水灾害危险性评价

在湖北省1：25万数字地形图的基础上,利用ARC／INFO地理信息系统平台强大的空间分析和叠加功能,对湖北省洪水灾害危险性进行了初步评价,首先对构洪水灾害危险性的4个因子－－降水,地形,河网（包括河流、湖泊,水库）以及历史上洪灾发生的频次等进行了分析和数字化,得出了各因子对洪水灾害影响程度的栅格图层,其次,对这些图层进行空间叠加,得到了湖北省洪涝灾害危险性评价图,结果显示,湖北省东部及中部地区的洪水危险性普遍高于其他地区,特别是枝江以下的长江沿线以及钟祥以下的汉江中下游一线两岸地区,危险性最高,这与这些地区丰富的降水,低平的地势是密切相关的;而鄂西南和鄂东南部虽然降水也比较丰富,但由于该区地势高,因此洪水危险性相对于中部来说总体上要低一些,鄂西北地区尤其是神农架地区降水量少,地势最高,因而危险性最低。这个结果与河北省的实际情况是符合的。     

江苏省防震减灾信息网络主页的实现

介绍了江苏省防震减灾信息网络主页的设计方案 ,探讨了Web服务器的选择、浏览器兼容性问题、网页内容与结构布局、地震数据的动态交互 ,HTML/DHTML功能扩展及网络安全 5个方面的问题。重点讨论了防震减灾信息与数据的Web实现和网络安全。     

Competitive investment in clean technology and uninformed green consumers

In a market where consumers and the regulatory authorities are not fully informed about the actual production technology or environmental performance of firms that engage in strategic competition, I study the effect of environmental consciousness of consumers on firms׳ incentive to invest in cleaner technology. Firms compete in prices and may signal their environmental performance to uninformed consumers through prices. I also analyze the effect of an expected liability on firms in this setting. Compared to full information, incomplete information generates higher strategic incentive to invest in cleaner technology particularly when consciousness and/or expected liability are not too high. Requiring mandatory disclosure of technology or environmental performance may discourage such investment. Even though consumers and the regulator are uninformed, competition has a positive effect (relative to monopoly) on the incentive to invest.     

Risk analysis for road and rail transport of hazardous materials: a GIS approach

An approach to transportation risk analysis for road and rail transport of dangerous goods is proposed, which is based on the use of geographic information systems (GIS) to manage territorial information, coupled with a product data bank in a risk evaluation tool. Such an approach enables to accurately take into account the local data affecting risk analysis, such as population, accident rate, and weather conditions along all the route, by means of a system which can be easily updated. The resulting risk evaluation tool assists in the step of route identification and allows to rapidly perform an accurate transportation risk analysis, for a single transportation event as well as for multiple substances, trips and itineraries.     

地震前兆资料减灾信息的综合开发

近一、二十年建立起来的地震前兆观测台网,不仅为地震预测预报提供了大量科学数据,而且蕴藏着丰富的减灾信息,有待我们去开发。综合观测、综合分析和综合预报是防灾减灾的必由之路。     

GIS in planning

This paper outlines some of the potential uses of GIS in planning authorities, and identifies some of the pitfalls to be avoided. It begins with some practical considerations in the area of data sources and system configurations, goes on to envision ways in which GIS might benefit the work of a planning department, and finally considers some of the management issues which surround the introduction and use of GIS in planning.