湖北省土壤侵蚀量模拟及其在吸附态氮、磷量匡算中的应用

采用美国通用USLE(土壤流失方程)作为建立侵蚀模型的基本理论,使用GIS等空间信息技术作为研究的技术平台,对湖北省进行了多年(1989—2008年)平均土壤侵蚀量的模拟,并对模拟结果进行验证. 利用土壤普查资料获得氮、磷营养物含量,进行多年平均吸附态氮、磷量模拟.结果: ①研究并建立了湖北省多年平均状况土壤侵蚀模型. 利用USLE和栅格计算方法得到的土壤侵蚀强度等级大体上可以与水利部土壤侵蚀遥感数据相当,存在显著相关关系,由此验证了所建立的湖北省土壤侵蚀模型的可行性. ②对湖北省吸附态氮、磷负荷进行的模拟结果显示,土壤吸附态氮、磷负荷整体结构与土壤侵蚀量分布规律相似,以长江、江汉盆地为输沙沉积中心,分别从南、北向中部,由西向东依次下降.      

Development of a framework for fire risk assessment using remote sensing and geographic information system technologies

Forest fires play a critical role in landscape transformation, vegetation succession, soil degradation and air quality. Improvements in fire risk estimation are vital to reduce the negative impacts of fire, either by lessen burn severity or intensity through fuel management, or by aiding the natural vegetation recovery using post-fire treatments. This paper presents the methods to generate the input variables and the risk integration developed within the Firemap project (funded under the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology) to map wildland fire risk for several regions of Spain. After defining the conceptual scheme for fire risk assessment, the paper describes the methods used to generate the risk parameters, and presents proposals for their integration into synthetic risk indices. The generation of the input variables was based on an extensive use of geographic information system and remote sensing technologies, since the project was intended to provide a spatial and temporal assessment of risk conditions. All variables were mapped at 1 km² spatial resolution, and were integrated into a web-mapping service system. This service was active in the summer of 2007 for semi-operational testing of end-users. The paper also presents the first validation results of the danger index, by comparing temporal trends of different danger components and fire occurrence in the different study regions.     

丹江口水库流域非点源污染的最佳管理措施优选

研究运用SWAT模型模拟了非点源污染最佳管理措施在丹江口水库流域的减排效果.在综合考虑了各项措施的成本、占用耕地程度、控制效果等因素后,在不同等级坡度区域下运用基于信息熵的多属性决策方法对措施进行综合评价优选.根据优选结果,提出建议:在25°区域以退耕还林措施为主.研究为丹江口水库流域非点源污染最佳管理措施的实施提供了明确实际的决策支持.     

Land-use planning of Minoo Island,Iran, towards sustainable land-use management

Land-use planning is one aspect of sustainable development that determines the integrity of socioeconomic and ecological nuance. Land evaluation is an approach to sustainable land-use planning, which predicts the capability of the land-use system. This means that a specific land area should be under specific use, considering certain factors and characteristics of the land and its location. In other words, lack of proper information on land capability and rational and irrational use of land leads to destruction of land resources. This paper discusses the findings of ecological and socioeconomic resource issues for Minoo Island and the surrounded zone. The study covers an area of about 172km² in southwest Iran. To establish environmental unit maps, digital layer maps of the soil texture were overlapped. The study empirically established that the area has the capability to accommodate ‘levels two’ urban and industrial development. Moreover, Minoo Island is considered to have potential for conservation and ecotourism, with a 60% potentiality for dryland farming.     

Mapping of noise risk zones derived from religious activities and perceptions in residential neighbourhoods in the Cape Coast metropolis,Ghana

Ambient noise levels emanating from religious activities in residential neighbourhoods are an emerging environmental problem that educes little attention from enforcement agencies and policy makers in Ghana. This paper set out to quantify religious noise exposure in urban residential neighbourhoods in the Cape Coast metropolis of Ghana. Subjective annoyance levels of residents in selected communities were determined. Noise risk zones were mapped using ARCGIS 9.3 software and surface interpolation for the data was carried out using inverse distance weighting. The results show that most (77 and 86 per cent) of the locations recorded noise levels that were above the Ghana Environmental Protection Agency maximum permissible limit for day and night, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient for day and night noise exposure shows strong association (0.714) at the 0.01 level. There is variability in the levels of noise for both day and night, which are rather high (standard deviation = 7.59477 and 7.94022, respectively). Generally, levels of noise exposure correlated with levels of annoyance of residents, except that the highest noise exposure was not recorded in the community where the annoyance level of residents was highest. Residential neighbourhoods within the study area largely experienced safe to tolerable levels of religious noise, although 5 per cent were within the high-risk zone. Given that the selected residential areas have high population densities, even when the dispersion of noise risk is spatially limited, it affects a large number of people who belong to different socio-economic classes.     

深圳市罗湖区环境监测管理信息化探索

结合罗湖区环境监测具体情况,探索区(县)环境监测管理信息系统的开发思路和解决方案,提出具有实用性和适用周期的监测业务管理系统,为区(县)级监测站监测业务管理信息系统建设提供了参考。     

ISO22320：2011《公共安全-应急管理-事故响应要求》国际标准解读

本文主要介绍了ISO22320：2011国际标准的作用、使用范围和内容,重点强调了指挥和控制的要求、操作信息的需求、合作与协调的要求等,以为我国应急管理及其相关组织实施该国际标准提供帮助。     

安全信息工程的体系结构研究

安全信息工程是安全技术及工程专业一门重要的专业课,是计算机技术、电子信息技术、网络与通信技术等在安全领域的具体应用。近年来,随着科学技术的进步,安全信息工程学科得到了长足的发展。但由于它是一门非常年轻的学科,涉及到与众多学科知识的交叉融合,在专业建设上又面临一定的滞后。如何既能充分利用现代化的信息技术手段,又要满足不同安全领域的发展要求,是安全信息工程学科建设面临的重要课题。根据安全信息工程的学科特点和发展现状,结合作者多年来从事计算机安全监测与控制系统开发的实际经验和教学实践,提出了课程的教学内容及学时分配,探讨了每一个章节包括的基本内容,给出了课程的完整体系结构,针对不同的专业特点给出了具体的实例,并指出了安全信息工程教学中应注意的问题。通过本研究,希望为安全信息工程的学科发展献计献策,为安全信息工程的教材规划、教学改革等提供有意义的参考。     

基于系统集成的民航机场安全调度综合信息平台研究

本文对民航机场安全调度综合信息平台进行了研究,对民航机场各部分的运行过程进行精细化、全天候的实时监控,建立了基于系统功能集成、指标集成、技术集成与信息集成的民航机场运行实时监控系统集成模型;同时,借助三维可视化技术及灰色评价方法,对民航机场运行过程中的各环节的实时安全监控信息,进行动态高效地集成化管理和可视化分析,实时评估机场运行的安全状况,找出运行安全面临的主要问题,并分析可行的解决方案,通过机场安全调度方案的生成以辅助民航机场安全运行与管理决策,提高机场安全管理水平;文章的最后进行实例应用分析。     

基于MapXtreme的河流流域污染源信息查询与发布系统的设计

该系统是采用MaplInfo公司的MapXtreme软件,实现对河流流域污染源空间信息和非空间信息的管理,综合分析污染源的种类、分布特点和总量特征,并通过Internet网实现污染源信息发布,同时建立水体污染突发事故应急处理系统。对系统的组成、功能、数据库等的实现进行了概要介绍。