Violence‐prevention climate,exposure to violence and aggression,and prevention behavior: A mediation model

This study explored mechanisms underlying employees' behaviors targeted at preventing workplace physical violence and verbal aggression. Poor psychological violence‐prevention climate perceptions and previous exposure to violence and aggression represent stressors that were associated with increased strains and reduced motivation. Strains and motivation, in turn, were related to prevention behaviors. We collected data from employee and coworker dyads, and structural equation modeling results supported that clear organizational policies, prompt management responses to assaults, and putting safety as a priority contributed positively to prevention behaviors through reduced strains and increased motivation. On the other hand, prior experiences of being attacked were related to more strains and lower motivation, which were related to lower prevention compliance. Our results inform future interventions for violence prevention. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高活性高耐受甲醛降解菌株的分离鉴定及降解条件研究

以甲醛为唯一碳源,从土壤中分离得到1株甲醛降解菌,经形态学观察、生理生化特性研究和16SrDNA鉴定,该菌株属于恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida).通过单因素试验和正交试验考察培养基及培养条件对菌株降解甲醛的影响,得出该菌株降解甲醛的最适条件为:蛋白胨1.2g/L,KH2PO4 4g/L,K2HPO4 3g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.2g/L,微量元素母液0.1mL/L,温度30℃,pH值8.在最适降解条件下,分别对不同初始浓度甲醛进行降解试验,结果表明该菌株对甲醛的耐受浓度可达6g/L,54h可将其降解86%,46h可将5g/L甲醛全部降解,35h可全部降解4g/L甲醛.     

Remediation of arsenic-contaminated paddy field by a new iron oxidizing strain (Ochrobactrum sp.) and iron-modified biochar

Iron-oxidizing strain (FeOB) and iron modified biochars have been shown arsenic (As) remediation ability in the environment. However, due to the complicated soil environment, few field experiment has been conducted. The study was conducted to investigate the potential of iron modified biochar (BC-FeOS) and biomineralization by a new found FeOB to remediate As-contaminated paddy field. Compared with the control, the As contents of G_B (BC-FeOS), G_F (FeOB), G_FN (FeOB and nitrogen fertilizer), G_BF (BC-FeOS and FeOB) and G_BFN (BC-FeOS, FeOB and nitrogen fertilizer) treatments in pore water decreased by 36.53%–80.03% and the microbial richness of iron-oxidizing bacteria in these treatments increased in soils at the rice maturation stage. The concentrations of available As of G_B, G_F, G_FN, G_BF and G_BFN at the tillering stage were significantly decreased by 10.78%–55.48%. The concentrations of nonspecifically absorbed and specifically absorbed As fractions of G_B, G_F, G_FN, G_BF and G_BFN in soils were decreased and the amorphous and poorly crystalline hydrated Fe and Al oxide-bound fraction was increased. Moreover, the As contents of G_B, G_F, G_FN, G_BF and G_BFN in rice grains were significantly decreased (*P < 0.05) and the total As contents of G_FN, G_BF and G_BFN were lower than the standard limit of the National Standard for Food Safety (GB 2762-2017). Compared with the other treatments, G_BFN showed the greatest potential for the effective remediation of As-contaminated paddy fields.     

不同生境产脂肪酶菌株的筛选及多样性

为发掘不同特性脂肪酶微生物资源,采用纯培养方法从青海高寒草地、雅安山区、成都平原分离得到产脂肪酶菌株54株.通过对菌株的DNA进行ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析,按聚类树划分为5个操作分类单元.16S rDNA序列测定和聚类分析显示,分离菌株分布于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter).多样性分析表明,与青海高寒草地、雅安山区相比,成都平原产脂肪酶菌株遗传多样性更为丰富.在54株菌中都出现了300 bp和1 300 bp两个特异且稳定出现的条带,这两个特异条带可能是产脂肪酶菌株的SCAR标记条带.     

烷烃降解菌的筛选、鉴定及优势菌株的降解特性

以正庚烷为唯一碳源,从长期受到石油污染的土壤中筛选获得可利用正庚烷的微生物14株.通过形态观察和16S rDNA序列比对,鉴定G2、G9、G14为红球菌属,G3、G27为人苍白杆菌属,G4、G7为芽孢杆菌属,G5、G10、G15、G25为节杆菌属,G16为缺陷短波单胞菌,G17、G22为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌属.通过考察其降解烷烃的能力,确定Rhodococcus sp.G2为烷烃降解优势菌株.该菌株可代谢庚烷获得最大菌体浓度D600 nm=7.51.同时该菌对不同碳链长度的烷烃,如十二烷、十六烷、煤油和二甲苯均具有较强的降解能力,以十二烷为碳源的最大比生长速率为0.37 h-1,最高菌体浓度为D600 nm=12.00,在正十六烷中生长,最大比生长速率为0.23 h-1,在煤油中生长,最大比生长速率为0.14 h-1,在以二甲苯为唯一碳源时,D600 nm也可达到1.00左右.研究表明该菌株对于石油污染土壤的生物修复有很大的应用前景.图6表2参9     

形状在边坡稳定安全论证中的影响分析

将边坡结构简化成二维模型进行计算分析时,边坡形状对其简化结果产生影响,为此从边坡的平面形状和边坡高度2个方面着手,用三维数值模拟对边坡稳定性进行分析,计算结果表明:坡顶曲线半径对边坡稳定性影响较大。在进行边坡稳定性分析时,应首先根据坡顶曲线半径大小界定是否可以将边坡简化为二维模型。     

防冲吸能构件应变特性及巷道支架应用研究*

为明确防冲吸能支护的力学特性及其应用效果,基于竖向准静态压缩试验研究防冲吸能构件的荷载位移曲线,采用ABAQUS模拟防冲吸能构件的变形压溃过程,并与试验结果进行对比,对变形过程中构件管壁的应变演化进行分析,进而研究吸能支架在冲击作用下的应变特性。研究结果表明:数值计算可以较好地对防冲吸能构件的变形吸能过程和荷载位移曲线进行模拟;采用该构件的液压支架能够满足防冲吸能支护的设计理念和原则;对吸能支架吸能特性研究,防冲吸能构件能够在冲击来临时更好地保护支架,研究成果可为冲击地压巷道支护体系提供设计参考。     

橡胶粉混凝土动力抗压性能试验研究

采用分离式Hopkinson压杆，对直径为70mm的橡胶粉混凝土圆柱体试件进行了动力抗压性能试验，得到了不同应变率下混凝土的应力应变曲线和韧性指数，并与静态抗压强度进行了对比。根据试验结果，讨论了橡胶粉不同粒径、不同掺量和3种橡胶粉级配情况下混凝土的动力抗压性能。总结了橡胶粉混凝土的应变率效应，以及影响橡胶粉混凝土动力抗压性能的因素。     

碘普罗胺降解菌Pseudomonas sp. I-24共代谢降解性能研究

菌株Pseudomonas sp.I-24(I-24)难以利用碘普罗胺(IOP)作为唯一的碳源和能源进行生长和代谢,因此本研究选用淀粉、麦芽糖、葡萄糖和甘油作为I-24共代谢IOP的外加碳源,考察了在摇瓶实验中,不同外加碳源对I-24生长及降解IOP的影响.结果表明,I-24共代谢IOP符合一级反应动力学特征,淀粉对共代谢过程的促进作用最为显著,IOP的五日降解率可达到92.7%,I-24的IOP降解酶活力在培养第3 d达到最高0.182 mU,淀粉投加的最佳浓度为1 g·L-1,然而葡萄糖和麦芽糖分别对I-24的生长和电子传递系统活性(ETSA)有着最佳促进作用,表明降解菌生长过快将导致竞争性抑制,降低IOP降解率,同时ETSA与共代谢作用无直接关联.此外,从空白样表现出的酶活力得出IOP降解酶即使在低基质条件下同样可被诱导产生.     

Numerical modelling of electrohydraulic free-forming and die-forming of DP590 steel

Electrohydraulic forming (EHF) is a high energy rate forming process in which the strain rate in the sheet metal can vary from 5 × 10² to 10⁵ s⁻¹ depending on various factors. Several mechanisms have been reported to cause an improvement in formability in EHF such as material deformation mechanisms, inertial effects and the dynamic impact of the sheet against the die. EHF is a complex high speed forming process and experimental work alone is not sufficient to properly understand this process. To understand the variation of some influential variables in EHF, electrohydraulic die-forming (EHDF) and free-forming (EHFF) of DP590 dual phase steel were simulated in ABAQUS/Explicit by considering the fluid/structure interactions. Three-dimensional finite element simulations were conducted by modelling the water with Eulerian elements with a view to investigating the effect of released energy on the sheet deformation profile history, strain distribution, loading path and damage accumulation type. The Johnson–Cook constitutive material model was used to predict the sheet behaviour and the parameters in this model were calibrated based on experimental test results available for DP590 at various strain rates. The Johnson–Cook phenomenological damage model was also used to predict the ductile failure (damage accumulation) in both EHDF and EHFF. Predicted final strain values and damage accumulation type showed good agreement with the experimental observations.