Numerical modelling of electrohydraulic free-forming and die-forming of DP590 steel

Electrohydraulic forming (EHF) is a high energy rate forming process in which the strain rate in the sheet metal can vary from 5 × 10² to 10⁵ s⁻¹ depending on various factors. Several mechanisms have been reported to cause an improvement in formability in EHF such as material deformation mechanisms, inertial effects and the dynamic impact of the sheet against the die. EHF is a complex high speed forming process and experimental work alone is not sufficient to properly understand this process. To understand the variation of some influential variables in EHF, electrohydraulic die-forming (EHDF) and free-forming (EHFF) of DP590 dual phase steel were simulated in ABAQUS/Explicit by considering the fluid/structure interactions. Three-dimensional finite element simulations were conducted by modelling the water with Eulerian elements with a view to investigating the effect of released energy on the sheet deformation profile history, strain distribution, loading path and damage accumulation type. The Johnson–Cook constitutive material model was used to predict the sheet behaviour and the parameters in this model were calibrated based on experimental test results available for DP590 at various strain rates. The Johnson–Cook phenomenological damage model was also used to predict the ductile failure (damage accumulation) in both EHDF and EHFF. Predicted final strain values and damage accumulation type showed good agreement with the experimental observations.     

横向穿越滑坡段埋地管道应变响应特性研究*

为准确描述横向滑坡作用下管道非线性响应特征,采用非线性自适应网格技术建立横向穿越滑坡段埋地管道三维有限元模型,利用非线性接触模型表征管土之间、滑坡体与非滑坡体之间的相互作用,探究滑坡位移、埋深及壁厚对管道应变响应特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着滑坡位移增大,滑坡体与非滑坡体交界区域和管道位移最大区域两侧管道应变显著增大,易发生失效;结合应变失效判定准则分析,管道不发生失效的最大滑坡位移、最小管道壁厚及最大埋深,在本文算例中分别是0.36 m、9.50 mm、0.97 m。因此管道经过滑坡区时,可适当增大壁厚、减小埋深;滑坡发生后,应重点关注滑坡体与非滑坡体交界区域及管道位移最大区域两侧的变形情况。研究结果可为穿越横向滑坡管道的设计及安全运营提供一定参考。     

防冲吸能构件应变特性及巷道支架应用研究*

为明确防冲吸能支护的力学特性及其应用效果,基于竖向准静态压缩试验研究防冲吸能构件的荷载位移曲线,采用ABAQUS模拟防冲吸能构件的变形压溃过程,并与试验结果进行对比,对变形过程中构件管壁的应变演化进行分析,进而研究吸能支架在冲击作用下的应变特性。研究结果表明:数值计算可以较好地对防冲吸能构件的变形吸能过程和荷载位移曲线进行模拟;采用该构件的液压支架能够满足防冲吸能支护的设计理念和原则;对吸能支架吸能特性研究,防冲吸能构件能够在冲击来临时更好地保护支架,研究成果可为冲击地压巷道支护体系提供设计参考。     

Remediation of arsenic-contaminated paddy field by a new iron oxidizing strain (Ochrobactrum sp.) and iron-modified biochar

Iron-oxidizing strain (FeOB) and iron modified biochars have been shown arsenic (As) remediation ability in the environment. However, due to the complicated soil environment, few field experiment has been conducted. The study was conducted to investigate the potential of iron modified biochar (BC-FeOS) and biomineralization by a new found FeOB to remediate As-contaminated paddy field. Compared with the control, the As contents of G_B (BC-FeOS), G_F (FeOB), G_FN (FeOB and nitrogen fertilizer), G_BF (BC-FeOS and FeOB) and G_BFN (BC-FeOS, FeOB and nitrogen fertilizer) treatments in pore water decreased by 36.53%–80.03% and the microbial richness of iron-oxidizing bacteria in these treatments increased in soils at the rice maturation stage. The concentrations of available As of G_B, G_F, G_FN, G_BF and G_BFN at the tillering stage were significantly decreased by 10.78%–55.48%. The concentrations of nonspecifically absorbed and specifically absorbed As fractions of G_B, G_F, G_FN, G_BF and G_BFN in soils were decreased and the amorphous and poorly crystalline hydrated Fe and Al oxide-bound fraction was increased. Moreover, the As contents of G_B, G_F, G_FN, G_BF and G_BFN in rice grains were significantly decreased (*P < 0.05) and the total As contents of G_FN, G_BF and G_BFN were lower than the standard limit of the National Standard for Food Safety (GB 2762-2017). Compared with the other treatments, G_BFN showed the greatest potential for the effective remediation of As-contaminated paddy fields.     

橡胶粉混凝土动力抗压性能试验研究

采用分离式Hopkinson压杆，对直径为70mm的橡胶粉混凝土圆柱体试件进行了动力抗压性能试验，得到了不同应变率下混凝土的应力应变曲线和韧性指数，并与静态抗压强度进行了对比。根据试验结果，讨论了橡胶粉不同粒径、不同掺量和3种橡胶粉级配情况下混凝土的动力抗压性能。总结了橡胶粉混凝土的应变率效应，以及影响橡胶粉混凝土动力抗压性能的因素。     

分子动力学中应变分析的统计矩方法及应用

分子动力学模拟研究金属的力学性质,需要采用合适的应变分析方法研究金属的变形特征及其演化规律.金属材料复杂变形的局部应变特征缺乏简便有效的分析手段,整体变形也没有合适的描述方法.本文提出分子动力学中应变分析的统计矩方法,通过统计矩建立了微观量和宏观应变的关联.在单晶单轴加载、纳米多晶剪切和冲击加载下的应用表明,矩应变分析方法可以很好的描述和评估材料的局部变形和整体变形特征,并通过应变不均匀度鉴别材料的局部塑性变形和弹性变形,是深入研究复杂结构材料变形机理的一种有效的通用分析方法.     

Recovery from job stress: The stressor‐detachment model as an integrative framework

This paper reviews empirical evidence on psychological detachment from work during nonwork time. Psychological detachment as a core recovery experience refers to refraining from job‐related activities and thoughts during nonwork time; it implies to mentally disengage from one's job while being away from work. Using the stressor‐detachment model as an organizing framework, we describe findings from between‐person and within‐person studies, relying on cross‐sectional, longitudinal, and daily‐diary designs. Overall, research shows that job stressors, particularly workload, predict low levels of psychological detachment. A lack of detachment in turn predicts high strain levels and poor individual well‐being (e.g., burnout and lower life satisfaction). Psychological detachment seems to be both a mediator and a moderator in the relationship between job stressors on the one hand and strain and poor well‐being on the other hand. We propose possible extensions of the stressor‐detachment model by suggesting moderator variables grounded in the transactional stress model. We further discuss avenues for future research and offer practical implications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Are older workers more active copers? Longitudinal effects of age‐contingent coping on strain at work

This study addresses coping processes as explanation of age‐related differences in strain experience. Based on the life‐span theory of control, we posit that older workers employ more active problem‐focused and more active emotion‐focused coping strategies than younger workers, which should mediate age effects on strain at work. The correlation between age and passive avoidance coping, in contrast, is expected to be qualified by external resources such as job control. Hypotheses were tested in a two‐wave panel study (8 months lag) with 634 workers (age range 16–65 years). Job demands were considered as control variables. As predicted, older as compared with younger workers reported more active problem‐focused coping, which mediated age differences on strain in the longitudinal analysis. No mediation was found for active emotion‐focused coping. Moreover, age‐contingent effects of passive avoidance coping were moderated by job control. When job control was low, younger as compared with older workers reported more avoidance coping, which in turn decreased strain in the longitudinal analysis. Finally, reverse longitudinal effects of age‐contingent strain on active problem‐focused and active emotion‐focused coping provide initial evidence for age‐contingent resource spirals. Together, the results reveal specific strengths of older workers for stress management at work. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical investigation into dynamic responses of RC columns subjected for fire and blast

Structures may be exposed to fire and blast due to accidents (i.e. explosion of flammable gas in industrial structures) or terrorist attacks during the service life. Performances of RC structures subjected to extreme conditions of fire and blast, thus, have drawn much attention from academia. In this paper, the coupling effect of high temperature and high strain rate in concrete was firstly studied based on the experimental data to improve the damage plasticity concrete model in ABAQUS. Secondly, the transient heat transfer effects in different fire scenarios and following fire resistances of RC columns with constant axial forces were numerically investigated on the basis of the improved concrete model, which are validated by the corresponding test data, and the residual axial loading capacity of RC columns was quantitatively calculated. By incorporating the different merits of implicit algorithm applied to heat transfer analyses and explicit algorithm usually used in blast analyses, a numerical approach to analyze the responses of RC columns subjected to the coupling loadings of fire and blast was finally developed. Mid-span displacements and damage of the RC columns subjected to fire and explosions were quantitatively calculated and discussed. The proposed approach was demonstrated to be effective in predicting the responses of RC structures subjected to coupling loadings of fire and blast.     

动载下高密度全尾砂胶结充填体稳定性试验研究

为研究动载下高密度全尾砂胶结充填体(HTB)的稳定性,制备直径为50 mm×25 mm的HTB试件,进行静态单轴压缩试验。首次采用分离式霍普金森杆(SHPB)装置研究HTB的动态力学性质,通过观察冲击试验后试件的破坏程度,来评判高应变率下试件的稳定性。结果表明:HTB试件波阻抗较小,对弹性应力波传播有较强的阻尼作用;在冲击载荷下,试件最大应变率可达305 s-1,动态抗压强度随着应变率的增加而增大,最大动态抗压强度为17 MPa;HTB试件的稳定性与应变率密切相关,当应变率低于10 s-1时,试件稳定性较好;当应变率为10~39 s-1时,试件产生一定的损伤裂纹,但尚有一定的残余强度;当应变率大于39 s-1时,试件完全失稳。