煤岩水力压裂过程中钻孔应变发展特征的试验研究

为研究水力压裂过程中钻孔应变发展的特征,在不同应力条件下开展了钻孔水力压裂试验,测试分析了钻孔压裂段孔壁变形的规律.结果表明:在水压作用下,压裂段孔壁应变较为明显,存在拉伸和压缩2种类型,根据与水压的对应关系,2种应变曲线可分为4个发展阶段,即压裂管路排气阶段(应变小幅波动)、水压上升阶段(应变快速增加)、起裂延伸阶段(应变缓慢变化)和闭合阶段(应变急剧降低),其中压裂管路排气阶段对压缩应变的影响较小;拉伸应变的残余变形明显大于压缩变形,但压缩应变曲线与水压变化存在较好的一致性;孔壁应变是孔壁在水压作用下裂缝形成和扩展过程的表现.     

Associations between economic loss,financial strain and the psychological status of Wenchuan earthquake survivors

This study examines the effects of economic loss on the life satisfaction and mental health of Wenchuan earthquake survivors. Economic loss is measured by earthquake impacts on the income and houses of the survivors. The correlation analysis shows that earthquake impact on income is significantly correlated with life satisfaction and depression. The regression analyses indicate that earthquake impact on income is indirectly associated with life satisfaction and depression through its effect on financial strain. The research highlights the importance of coping strategies in maintaining a balance between economic status and living demands for disaster survivors.     

Studies on Biodegradation of Nicotine by Arthrobacter sp. Strain HF-2

A nicotine-degrading bacterium, strain HF-2, was isolated from tobacco waste-contaminated soil and identified as a member of Arthrobacter sp. based on morphology, physiological tests, 16S rDNA sequence and phylogenetic characteristics. At thermal denaturation test indicated that the G + C mol% of strain HF-1 was 63.5. The relationship between the growth of the isolate and the nicotine degradation suggested that strain HF-2 could utilize nicotine as sole sources of carbon, nitrogen and energy. Blue pigment was observed during the nicotine degradation by strain HF-2. The isolate grew well at 20 to 33°C, initial pH 6.5 to 8.0 and 0.5 to 2.0 g L^?1 of nicotine concentration in the nicotine inorganic salt media. The maximum growth and nicotine degradation occurred at 30°C, initial pH 7.0 and 0.7 g·L^?1 of nicotine concentration in media under natural incubation condition. Strain HF-2 could degrade 100% of nicotine under the optimized incubation conditions for 43 h. The concentrations of nicotine were monitored by high performance liquid chromatography. This study demonstrates Arthrobacter sp. strain HF-2 had a great ability to degrade nicotine, and it may be available for the application to the bioremediation of environments contaminated by tobacco waste.     

几个影响室内土动力试验的重要试验参数

室内土动力试验是研究土动力特性的重要方法之一,其结果受到很多试验参数的影响,其中加载频率、应变速率(加载速率)、加载类型和循环次数是4个重要的试验参数,也是目前国内外的研究热点。总结了国内外关于这4个试验参数对土动力特性影响的研究成果,经过比较分析后认为对于应变速率(加载速率)、加载类型以及循环次数对土动力特性的影响,研究者的认识基本一致,但对有关加载频率对土动力特性的影响却尚持不同的观点。     

板材弯曲最小相对弯曲半径计算方法探讨

板材在弯曲过程中,外表面的切向拉伸变形程度最大,当外表面的变形程度超过极限变形程度时,板料就会破裂。板料弯曲时的极限变形程度可用最小相对弯曲半径来描述。通过对板料弯曲变形应力应变分析,提出了几种近似计算最小相对弯曲半径的方法。     

絮凝天然碱碱泥的絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及最佳产絮条件研究

从生活污水中分离得到一株在强碱性条件下能絮凝天然碱碱泥的高效絮凝剂产生菌EWY1,并通过稳定性试验证明了其具有较好的稳定性,经鉴定为肠球菌属(Enterococcus)中的盲肠肠球菌(E.cecorum).通过单因素试验和正交试验确定了该菌产絮凝剂的最佳培养基为:麦芽糖15 g·L-1,KNO3 1.2 g·L-1,KH2PO4 0.5 g·L-1,MgSO4·7H2O 0.4 g·L-1,NaCl0.6 g·L-1,FeSO4·7H2O 0.008 g·L-1;该菌产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件为pH 7.0、温度30℃、摇床转速170 r·min-1.絮凝实验结果表明,用该菌产生的絮凝剂处理天然碱碱泥效果较好,絮凝率达到了89%.     

Degradation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol by an isolated high-efficiency bacterium strain

An aerobic bacterium strain, F-3-4, capable of effectively degrading 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol(2,6-DTBP), was isolated and screened out from an acrylic fiber wastewater and the biofilm in the wastewater treatment facilities. This strain was identified as Alcaligenes sp. through morphological, physiological and biochemical examinations. After cultivation, the strain was enhanced by 26.3% in its degradation capacity for 2,6-DTBP. Results indicated that the strain was able to utilize 2,6-DTBP, lysine, lactamine, citrate, n-utenedioic acid and malic acid as the sole carbon and energy source, alkalinize acetamide, asparagine, L-histidine, acetate, citrate and propionate,but failed to utilize glucose, D-fructose, D-seminose, D-xylose, sedne and phenylalanine as the sole carbon and energy source. The optimal growth conditions were determined to be: temperature 37℃, pH 7.0, inoculum size 0.1% and shaker rotary speed 250 r/min. Under the optimal conditions, the degradation kinetics of 2,6-DTBP with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L was studied. Results indicated that 62.4% of 2,6-DTBP was removed after 11 d. The degradation kinetics could be expressed by Eckenfelder equation with a half life of 9.38 d. In addition, the initial concentration of 2,6-DTBP played an important role on the degradation ability of the strain. The maximum initial concentration of 2,6-DTBP was determined to be 200 mg/L. Above this level, the strain was overloaded and exhibited significant inhibition.     

Fe+3(EDTA)还原菌的分离及其性能

从还原NO络合吸收液的混合微生物中分离得到一株克雷伯氏菌(FR-1).考察了氮源量、碳源及其添加量、菌体接种量、pH值和温度对该菌种生长和对Fe 3(EDTA)还原特性的影响.结果表明,菌种FR-1生长适宜的氮源量为100mg/L;以葡萄糖为碳源对微生物生长和Fe 3(EDTA)还原均有利,其添加量为800mg/L时还原效果最好;在接种量为100mg/L时,菌种FR-1生长最好,对Fe 3(EDTA)还原效率随菌体接种量的增加而增大;菌种FR-1生长和对Fe 3(EDTA)还原的最佳温度为40℃;在考察的初始pH值(5.0~8.5)范围内,细菌生长随pH值升高而下降,而对Fe 3(EDTA)的还原随pH值升高而增加.     

含氟有机化合物优势降解菌的筛选

从受含氟有机物长期污染的污泥中驯化筛选得到7株优势降解菌，可利用氟代有机化合物为唯一大风大浪原生长。取其中2株菌进行生物忍耐力及生物降解实验，结果表明：菌株对经过台化的有机物有较强的忍受能力，在浓度高达1000mg/L的条件下仍能生长，全氟辛酸可被筛选菌脱氟降解。     

表面活性剂AE降解菌株的分离筛选及鉴定

为处理高浓度表面活性剂废水,从表面活性剂生产厂污泥中筛选到5个较好的能降解高浓度表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AE)的菌株.测定了菌株对环境温度、pH值、氧的要求,最适宜生长条件为温度28 ℃,pH值7～9;除J-3菌株为兼性好氧菌以外,其余均为好氧菌.对5个菌株分别进行纯培养后,进行了电子显微镜观察,并根据菌落特征、菌体形态和生理生化反应进行了菌种鉴定.鉴定结果为 J-1,J-4为气单胞菌, J-2为微球菌,J-3为枸缘酸杆菌,J-5为腐败假单胞菌.用水绵指示法测定了菌株对AE的降解效率为5.71-15.71 mg/(L@d).