基于大气化学机制的天津市重点行业VOCs化学物种谱研究

选取天津市汽车制造、家具制造、包装印刷及医药制造等13个VOCs重点行业,通过实测法构建了工业源本地化VOCs成分谱,并基于大气模型化学机理CB05和SAPRC99建立了本地化物种谱,且与美国环保署SPECIATE数据库中的物种谱进行对比分析,通过空气质量模型验证不同大气化学机制对O₃生成的影响.结果表明：①基于SAPRC99机制建立的本地化物种谱与SPECIATE的差异要显著高于CB05机制.②汽车制造、家具制造、乐器制造、涂料生产、汽车零部件制造、轮胎制造行业物种谱差异较小,包装印刷、医药制造等其它行业差异较为显著.③不同模式大气气相化学机制对O₃的模拟结果的变化趋势总体一致,不存在显著性差异,但SAPRC99机制模拟结果略高于CB05机制,建议当本地化VOCs成分谱缺失或不详尽时,优先考虑采用CB05机制.     

Particulate matter emissions and gaseous air toxic pollutants from commercial meat cooking operations

This study assessed the effectiveness of three novel control technologies for particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compound (VOC) removal from commercial meat cooking operations. All experiments were conducted using standardized procedures at University of California, Riverside''s commercial test cooking facility. PM mass emissions collected using South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Method 5.1, as well as a dilution tunnel-based PM method showed statistically significantly reductions for each control technology when compared to baseline testing (i.e., without a catalyst). Overall, particle number emissions decreased with the use of control technologies, with the exception of control technology 2 (CT2), which is a grease removal technology based on boundary layer momentum transfer (BLMT) theory. Particle size distributions were unimodal with CT2 resulting in higher particle number populations at lower particle diameters. Organic carbon was the dominant PM component (> 99%) for all experiments. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most abundant carbonyl compounds and showed reductions with the application of the control technologies. Some reductions in mono-aromatic VOCs were also observed with CT2 and the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) CT3 compared to the baseline testing.     

等离子体技术应用于气相污染物治理综述

近年来利用等离子体技术对气态污染物的氧化分解研究受到了广泛的关注.介绍了等离子体概念、分类及产生方法,简述了非平衡等离子体技术对气体污染物的降解原理,较全面地介绍了等离子体技术在脱硫、脱硝以及降解挥发性有机物(VOCs)等方面的研究.最后指出了今后等离子体处理废气的应用研究方向.     

“老龄期”填埋场渗滤液COD蒸发规律研究

“老龄期”填埋场渗滤液由于可生化性差而难于处理。采用常规蒸发、减压蒸发和载气蒸发处理不同pH值的“老龄期”渗滤液。实验结果表明，3种蒸发方式下，冷凝液CODF降过程中均存在明显的浓度转折点，转折点之后COD维持较低水平，为“老龄期”渗滤液的“三分处理法”提供理论依据。与常规蒸发相比，减压蒸发和载气蒸发的前期冷凝液COD较高，且浓度转折点偏后。     

Daily, weekly, and seasonal time courses of VOC concentrations in a semi-urban area near Barcelona

In order to study the daily, weekly, and seasonal patterns and possible origins of air concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), measurements were taken on a minute-by-minute basis with a PTR-MS in the vicinity of a highway in a semi-urban site near Barcelona. Four periods of the year were chosen and samples were taken under different meteorological conditions and at different phenological stages of the surrounding vegetation. None of the measured VOCs concentrations exceeded air-quality guidelines. The results showed that diurnal, weekly, and seasonal fluctuations in measured VOC concentrations depended on variations in the strength of sources, as well as on photochemical activity and meteorological conditions. There was a decrease in concentrations in most VOCs when mixing depth, photochemical destruction, and wind speed increased at midday. On the other hand, high values of some VOCs occurred at night when the strength of their sinks and the mixing layer decreased. Interestingly, in June, night emissions and concentration peaks of methanol and acetone occurred in periods with dew formation and no wind. VOCs related to anthropogenic emissions presented a weekly pattern of variation with a clear distinction being found between working days and the weekend. The seasonal variation showed higher levels in December for all VOCs, except for isoprene. The thinning of the mixing layer leading to greater concentrations of volatiles and lower wind speeds in winter could account for those higher VOC levels. Benzene and toluene originated mainly from anthropogenic emissions. The sources of acetaldehyde, methanol, and acetone appeared to be mainly biogenic and these compounds were the most abundant of all the measured VOCs. Isoprene concentration patterns suggest a predominantly anthropogenic origin in December and March and a mainly biogenic origin in June and October. All these data provide useful information on the dynamics of VOCs in an area where ozone levels in summer exceed quite often the standard protection thresholds for O₃.     

Destruction of VOCs by combination of corona discharge and catalysis techniques

The catalytic effect of alumina on the destruction of toluene, benzene, acetone and methanol, in DC pulsed corona discharge reactor was studied. In the presence of alumina the inlet concentration of the VOCs was varied from ～5×10^-6mol/L to ～80×10^-6mol/L, and their decomposition efficiency (conversion %) was found to be 99%—80% for toluene, 99%—97% for benzene, 95%—92% for acetone, and 72%—85% for methanol. Corresponding decomposition in the absence of alumina was 90%—38% for toluene, 89%—57% for benzene, 42%—30% for acetone, and 47%—19% for methanol. Feed gas flow rate was 400 cm³/min and power reading from DC source was 7.4 W in all of the experiments. Alumina also shifted the CO/CO₂ ratio in the by products in favor of CO₂. Ozone concentration at the reactor outlet was higher in the presence of alumina. Enhancement in VOCs decomposition by alumina was explained on the basis of higher concentration of ozone and its precursor atomic oxygen [O] . Decomposition efficiency (conversion %) for individual compounds was found to be inversely proportional to the ionization potential of the compound, under identical conditions. Double DC high voltage sources pulse generator was tested and found to improve VOCs decomposition compared with the conventional single DC high voltage source.      

水泥新型干法工艺工程项目卫生防护距离确定

结合我国水泥新型干法最新发展工艺与技术,合理估算了2500t/d与5000t/d典型规模新型干法窑粉尘无组织排放量,根据大气环境影响预测、卫生防护计算及水泥项目竣工验收粉尘无组织监测结果,确定新型干法水泥项目粉尘排放单元与居民区之间最小卫生防护距离为150～300m,并对GB18068-2000《水泥厂卫生防护距离标准》提出了调整建议值。     

TiO2纳米粒子光催化氧化室内挥发性有机污染物甲苯的研究

利用溶胶凝胶法制备了粒径约为13nm、晶型为锐钛矿相和金红石相混晶的TiO2光催化剂,并且利用此催化剂对室内空气中主要的挥发性有机污染物甲苯进行了光催化降解研究.对不同的催化剂用量、光强、甲苯的初始浓度以及氧气的存在对光催化反应速率的影响进行了研究.结果表明,光催化降解甲苯的反应符合假一级动力学方程;光强与光催化降解甲苯的反应速率常数之间呈指数关系;随着初始浓度的增加,光催化反应速率常数降低,二者之间存在线性关系;氧气的存在加快了光催化降解甲苯的速率;对于光催化降解初始浓度为37.6μmol·L-1的甲苯而言,催化剂的最佳使用量为0.20～0.30g.     

有机材料工艺雕刻废气毒害成分分析

应用冷冻预浓缩-气相色谱质谱法对有机材料工艺雕刻废气中的挥发性毒害有机物进行了定性和定量分析。     

乳状液膜吸收有机废气的实验研究

为提高水吸收乙酸丁酯的净化效率,以石油醚作膜相,聚异丁烯单丁二酰亚胺(T151)、聚异丁烯多丁二酰亚胺(T155)作乳化剂,制备水相/油相(W/O)型乳状液,作为分散相加入水中形成水相/油相/水相(W/O/W)型乳状液膜,进行了吸收含乙酸丁酯模拟废气的研究.主要考察了制乳速度、乳水比、表面活性剂用量、废气中乙酸丁酯初始浓度等参数对液膜吸收效率的影响.结果表明,乳状液膜体系对乙酸丁酯的吸收效率较高,在搅拌转速为400r/min,V(石油醚)∶V(水)为1∶1,w(T151)和w(T155)分别为6%和4%,V(乳化剂)∶V(水)为1∶4条件下制备的乳状液膜稳定性较好,且对乙酸丁酯废气吸收效率最高,可达80%以上.