Tea bag filter paper as a novel protective membrane for micro-solid phase extraction of butachlor in aqueous samples

An innovative, cost-effective, simple, and environmental friendly tea bag filter paper protected micro-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE) technique was developed for the first time with the aim to miniaturize and minimize the use of organic solvents for the extraction and determination of butachlor in aqueous samples. The μ-SPE device was produced by packing 3.0 mg of an easily synthesized new sorbent, hydroxyl-functionalized polypyrrole (OH-PPY), inside a small tea bag filter paper sachet (1.0 cm × 0.5 cm) that served as a protective envelope. Both the extraction and desorption procedures were facilitated by sonication. Due to the high porosity and the fast water absorption of the tea bag filter paper, the analyte could easily diffuse through and enhance the interaction with the sorbent. Under the optimized conditions for the GC-ECD and the μ-SPE, the limit of detection (S/N ≥ 3) was 2.0 μg L^?1 while the limit of quantitation (S/N ≥ 10) was 10.0 μg L^?1. The recoveries of the butachlor spiked at 0.050, 0.10, and 0.50 μg mL^?1 ranged from 77.9 ± 3.0 to 112.5 ± 2.9%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of butachlor in water samples from paddy cultivation sites. The levels found were from non-detectable to 24.71 ± 0.37 μg L^?1.     

喷煤制粉系统布袋收尘器着火原因及预防

指出新疆八一钢铁有限责任公司炼铁厂喷煤制粉系统布袋收尘器着火原因,并提出预防措施。     

滤筒式除尘器的改进及在白云石除尘中的应用

反吹风袋式除尘器存在运行阻力高、滤袋寿命短、排放浓度高等缺点.论述了利用改进滤筒、增设导流装置等一系列技术措施,提高滤筒式除尘器技术性能,从而用滤筒除尘技术对反吹风除尘器进行改造达到节能减排的效果.     

基于KZ滤波法的河北省PM2.5和O3浓度不同时间尺度分析研究

大气细粒子和臭氧是影响我国城市空气质量的主要污染物质,其浓度的大小不仅与污染源的排放量有关,气象条件也是影响其浓度分布特征的重要因素.要评估污染物减排措施的效果,有必要将气象条件的影响剥离出来,仅评估排放量的降低对污染物浓度长期变化趋势的影响.本文使用KZ(Kolmogorov-Zurbenko)滤波方法对河北省石家庄、保定、张家口三市2013—2017年PM_(2.5)和O_3逐日浓度时间序列进行分解,并使用同期地面气象观测数据对各时间序列进行逐步回归分析,将经过KZ滤波后的长期序列与经逐步回归后的结果的差值再次进行滤波处理,得到去除气象影响的污染物浓度长期变化趋势,该浓度仅与污染物的排放量有关.结果表明,因污染源排放的影响,河北省三市大气PM_(2.5)浓度在研究年内除在2017年初略有上升以外,其余季节均呈下降趋势.河北省三市大气O_3浓度在研究年内均有波动上升趋势.气象条件对PM_(2.5)浓度长期变化趋势的影响大于O_3.     

卡尔曼滤波方法在地下水污染源反演中的应用

采用卡尔曼滤波方法反演识别地下水污染源的个数和大概位置.借助一个假想算例,建立地下水系统水流和溶质运移模拟模型,利用灵敏度分析方法筛选出对模拟结果影响最大的参数作为随机变量,对该参数进行抽样,运用蒙特卡罗方法将抽样结果输入模拟模型,生成污染质浓度场.采用卡尔曼滤波方法构造迭代过程,逐个利用采样点处浓度的实测值不断更新综合浓度场.引入模糊集理论表示污染羽,对比综合污染羽和单个污染羽的模糊集来更新各潜在污染源的权重,根据潜在污染源权重大小和综合污染羽收敛形状判断真实污染源的个数和大概位置.算例结果表明：采用卡尔曼滤波方法可以成功反演识别出地下水污染中真实污染源的准确个数和大概位置;引入模糊集理论表示污染羽,通过对比综合污染羽和单个污染羽的模糊集,可以确定各潜在污染源的权重.     

上升流速对CANON工艺稳定性及微生物群落的影响

采用膨胀颗粒污泥床（EGSB）反应器作为全程自养脱氮（CANON）工艺启动运行的装置,考察了不同上升流速对CANON工艺脱氮性能的影响,并对固定生物膜-活性污泥（IFAS）系统内颗粒污泥粒径的变化和生物膜上的生物量进行定量分析,同时对颗粒污泥和生物膜上的微生物进行高通量分析,探究在不同聚集体上微生物群落结构的特点.结果表明,在连续运行过程中,上升流速由2m/h增加至6m/h的过程中,总氮去除负荷由0.20kg/（m³·d）逐渐增加至0.66kg/（m³·d）,而ΔNO₃^--N/ΔNH₄⁺-N的比值稳定在0.11,成功实现了CANON的高效稳定运行.当上升流速增加至8m/h时,CANON工艺脱氮性能失稳,总氮去除负荷（NRR）降低至0.42kg/（m³·d）,污泥平均粒径由1.3mm减小到0.9mm.上升流速恢复至6m/h后,CANON脱氮工艺脱氮性能逐渐恢复,最终NRR稳定在0.60kg/（m³·d）以上,污泥平均粒径恢复至1.2mm,生物膜生物量的比生长速率为0.0024d^-1.高通量测序显示,颗粒污泥中主要以氨氧化细菌（AerAOB）功能菌Nitrosomonas（2.45%）,和厌氧氨氧化细菌（AnAOB）功能菌Candidatus Kuenenia（2.38%）为主要菌属;而生物膜中主要是AnAOB功能菌Candidatus Kuenenia（9.78%）、Candidatus Brocadia（4.23%）,同时还检测出少量AerAOB功能菌Nitrosomonas（0.40%）.结果表明两种微生物在不同聚集体上存在一定的差异性.     

基于光子晶体的太赫兹滤波器

采用时域有限差分法（FDTD）对太赫兹波在光子晶体中传输进行仿真研究,得到了晶格常数和空气孔径对阻带性能的影响关系。在分析点缺陷对透射峰影响的基础上,设计了225GHz,3db通带带宽为1.9GHz的工字型缺陷光子晶体太赫兹滤波器,并对该滤波器进行了仿真分析,研究表明该滤波器能够实现对225GHz频段的有效滤波。     

基于人工免疫的柔性EMI滤波器自动进化设计研究

针对电力电子系统的EMI滤波器设计中的问题,开展基于神经网络和遗传算法的柔性滤波器电路自动进化设计研究,综合多项EMI滤波器设计目标进行自动优化设计,并在实际应用中实现了柔性滤波器这一目标。     

PCDDs, PCDFs emission control by dry scrubbing system

Presently, in Japan there are no limitations on the emission of PCDDs or PCDFs, but in order to study the feasibility of dry type air pollution control, a pilot plant was constructed in 1988 and the removal efficiencies for PCDDs, acid gas and heavy metals were measured.At the same time PCDDs concentration was compared with that of a previously installed electrostatic precipitator (ESP) plus wet scrubber line.In this paper, the following two items are reported.

1. (1) The difference in the amounts of PCDDs and PCDFs produced due to differences in gas temperature and retention time in ESP and fabric filter (FF).

2. (2) Removal efficiencies of PCDDs and PCDFs of fabric filter.

PCDDs concentration, generally 100–200 ng/Nm³ at the boiler outlet (ESP inlet and/or Quench Reactor (QR) inlet), increased several times at the ESP outlet, but it showed almost no increase at the QR outlet due to a sudden temperature drop. The temperature was 280–310°C, and the gas retention time was 12 sec. during passage through ESP so that it is thought that PCDD was formed under these conditions.On the other hand, a removal efficiency of approx. 90% was obtained with the fabric filter, and the PCDD at the bag outlet was at a sufficiently low level.