岷江上游茂县半干旱河谷灌丛优势种间关系的研究

采用２×２列联表，通过方差分析、Ｘ２检验、Ｏｃｈｉｎｉ关联指数和Ｐｅａｒｓｏｎ积矩相关系数，分别对岷江上游茂县半干旱柯谷灌丛的１０个主要优势种的种间关联和种间协变进行了定量分析．研究结果表明：茂县半干旱河谷灌丛的优势种间关系较复杂．多物种间里显著的复合正相关关系，４５个种对中的７个种对具有显著的正关联，其关联程度较高（Ｏｃｈｉａｉ指数为０．６４５～０．８５８），这些关联的种对分别对环境的要求相同；５个种对存在显著的正协变，它们都是非显著关联的种对，表明在某一具体的植被类型中，种间关联与协变并无明显的内在联系．小角柱花（Ｃｅｒａｔｏｓｔｉｇｍａｍｉｎｕｓ）与其它优势种间的关联性最广泛，而刺族花（Ｃｏｎｖｏｌｖｕｌｕｓｔｒａｇａｃａｎｔｈｏｉｄｅｓ）则无显著的关联和协变，是一个相对独立的成分．     

大渡河上游干旱河谷区生态需水研究

为了预测南水北调西线一期工程实施对下游干旱河谷演变的影响,开展了对泸定县城以上大渡河流域干旱河谷区生态需水的研究,结果表明:①干旱河谷生态需水量为能够维系干旱河谷生态功能的基本环境目标、恢复干旱河谷生态景观的生态系统所需求的水量;②研究区干旱河谷总面积1185.00km₂,其中干暖河谷250.11km₂,干温河谷934.89km₂;③考虑输沙需水时,维持研究区干旱河谷的最小生态需水量为156.3×108m3,其中干暖河谷最小为58.8×108m3,干温河谷最小为97.4×108m3,不考虑输沙需水时,最小生态需水量仅为58.3×108m3;④河道外需水量占总生态需水量的5.7%;⑤考虑输沙需水时,研究区干旱河谷的最小生态需水量占总地表水量的68.84%,不考虑输沙需水时其只占总地表水量的25.68%,对生态脆弱区生态需水进行计算时需考虑输沙需水。     

一种特殊电除尘器钢支架计算方法的讨论

以某工程为例,介绍了一种特殊电除尘器钢支架的结构形式,通过结构设计软件计算和有限元整体屈曲分析,证明采用传统的计算长度系数法进行立柱稳定计算,其结果偏不安全,建议采用整体屈曲分析计算.     

南水北调中线水源地汉江上游流域主要生态环境问题及对策

汉江上游是南水北调中线水源地，流域生态环境建设是保障水源地水质安全的关键。针对上游流域水环境污染、土地利用以及水土流失等重大生态环境问题，结合流域数字高程模型及水质调查对其进行了系统分析。结果表明：（1）丹江流域、库区流域及汉中盆地水质较差，CODMn和氨氮成为水源区主要污染物；（2）各子流域区植被覆盖占各自面积的712%~957%，表明流域植被覆盖较好，但沿河岸100 m范围内农业用地占292%~434%，且多为坡耕地；（3）流域水土流失严重，2000年左右流域侵蚀图显示汉江源头、秦岭南及大巴山北均出现了大片年均侵蚀模数>2 200 t/km2的区域，且有日益增强的趋势。提出加大水环境污染整治力度、加强农业用肥管理及河岸带建设、水土保持建设以及加强流域水环境及水土保持监测和科研工作等对策。     

Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Two Plants in the Electrical Sector

The study consisted of describing, using a questionnaire, the musculoskeletal symptoms in two industries in the electrical sector. The questionnaire was distributed to more than 600 workers in the two industries. The questionnaire described four types of variables: usual population data (age, gender, experience, etc.), certain work variables, the regions of the body affected in the past 12 months and in the past 7 days, and the severity of the symptoms. Ten variables were used to provide a symptom severity index. In the two plants, the women reported more frequent and more serious problems than the men and the least experienced workers were the most affected. In Plant 1, the questionnaire pinpointed two work sectors, whereas in Plant 2, the problems were found not to be concentrated in a few sectors, but distributed among different jobs throughout the entire plant.     

Examining RULA’s Postural Scoring System With Selected Physiological and Psychophysiological Measures

The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) survey is a posture-sampling tool used specifically to examine the level of risk associated with upper limb disorders of individual workers. This paper examines the relationship between RULA’s postural scoring system and measures of surface electromyography (EMG), self-reports of discomfort, and job attitude questionnaires. Twenty participants each performed a 30-min typing task on a computer in 3 working postures based on RULA’s scoring system. A statistically significant difference was found only in perceived discomfort. The perceived discomfort results demonstrated that RULA was able to identify “high risk” postures. The next question we need to ask is, does perceived discomfort result in tissue damage, or does tissue damage yield discomfort?     

长江上游陡坡耕地退耕的难点与对策

长江上游属于 2 5°以上的陡坡退耕还林地面积达 170万hm2 ,是长江上游水土流失的重要策源地 ,严重制约了该区域社会经济的可持续发展。因此 ,实行陡坡耕地退耕还林是建设长江上游生态屏障的重要组成部分 ,也是生态建设的主要内容之一。本文较为系统地论述了陡坡耕地的形成原因与危害 ,以及退耕的难点与有利时机 ,并探讨了详细分析了主要对策     

Pathophysiology,diagnosis and management of prenatal upper tract dilatation

Upper tract dilatation presenting as renal pelvis dilatation with or without ureteric dilatation is one of the more common abnormalities detected on prenatal ultrasound scanning. The majority of cases are due to pelvi-ureteric and vesico-ureteric junction anomalies, and vesico-ureteric reflux. Prenatal diagnosis with ultrasound may be aided by biochemical analysis of fetal blood and urine. The natural history of prenatally detected abnormalities remains under review. Precise diagnosis, and therefore prognosis, may not be made until after birth. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长江上游退耕还林与天然林保护的问题与对策

长江上游陡坡耕地退耕还林和天然林禁伐具有长远的生态意义 ,对促进该地区农村经济结构和农业结构调整也有积极作用。但同时给这些地区带来新的挑战 :天然林禁伐区财政收入减少 ,GDP增长速度减慢 ,居民收入降低 ,以木材运输为主体的第三产业萎缩 ,劳动就业压力加大 ;退耕还林区粮食产量减少 ,农民生活受影响。当前 ,在两大工程过程中 ,出现虚报退耕面积和造林成果数字 ,一刀切 ,重视经济林、轻视生态林 ,林种和种植结构雷同 ,林区欠帐无法偿还 ,地方资金不配套 ,退耕后农业不知如何发展等问题。为此 ,笔者建议 :退耕和“天禁”与区域脱贫、社区建设相结合 ;坚持因地制宜、分生态类型区实施 ;坚持实事求是 ,反对浮夸 ;应加强科学规划 ,进行技术攻关和科技集成 ,创立新的农林牧复合种植模式、新的农业经营、管理模式     

最佳单位上限解的研究

利用变分法和 Lagrange乘子法相结合 ,研究了塑性平面变形问题获得最佳单位上限解的分块模式对数螺线模式。