流动注射在线离子交换微柱富集-火焰原子吸收法测定环境样品中的铜、铅和镉

本文用流动注射在线阳离子交换树脂预富集-火焰原子吸收法测定了标准参考物(头发GBW09 101和桃叶GBW08501)及水样中的微量铜、铅和镉.对铜、铅和镉测定灵敏度分别提高27.0 ,37.5和27.5倍;回收率分别为93.7-109.9%,88.9-101.4%,84.7-103.0% ;分析速度为30次·h-1.对0.05μg·ml-1Cu2+,0.2μg·ml-1 Pb2+,0.02μg·ml-1Cd2+溶液,其测定相对标准偏差(n ＝11)分别为2.74%,1.05%和2.97%.     

湿法烟气脱硫中亚硫酸钙氧化技术的研究进展

分析了国内外湿法脱硫工艺中亚硫酸钙的氧化反应控制因素研究成果,指出浆液pH值一般控制在4．5—5,采用Mn^2＋作为催化剂时,CaSO3有较高的氧化效率。对我国亚硫酸钙氧化技术的继续研究提出了一些建议,为湿法脱硫工艺设计提供参考。     

油田污水去除成垢离子处理技术研究

在高效气浮除油、多种新型过滤分离技术的基础上,利用特种阴离子交换树脂去除油田污水中成垢离子的方法,解决了油田在注水开发中管线、设备及地层存在的结垢问题,处理后水质达到油田回注要求。同时在污水处理过程中,对"三废"的有效处置和循环使用,也达到了绿色环保的要求,为油田企业做进一步的实验和推广,起到一定作用。     

铁炭微电解-Fe~（2＋）/K_2S_2O_8降解甲基橙

针对偶氮类有机物废水具有色度大,难降解的特点,以对二甲基氨基偶氮苯磺酸钠（甲基橙）为模拟研究对象,对水体系中铁炭微电解-Fe2＋/K2S2O8降解甲基橙的方法进行了研究。通过正交实验确定出该方法各因素的影响程度,进一步通过单因素影响实验确定该方法的最佳条件是：铁炭微电解填料、FeSO4和K2S2O8投加量分别为300 g/L、1.3mmol/L和0.7 mmol/L,初始pH值为7.0。在最佳条件下,甲基橙COD和色度去除率分别能达到64.7%和68.2%。     

湿法再生吸附剂制备及用于大气CO2的直接捕集

基于湿法再生吸附技术,利用强碱性季铵盐树脂材料制备了异相吸附剂薄膜,应用于大气中极低CO2的直接分离,以对抗全球变暖。通过滴定法分析吸附剂材料的电荷密度和吸附容量,利用SEM分析不同工况下制备出来的膜材料的表观结构,并对膜材料进行CO2吸附性能的测试。结果发现,热处理能够明显提高膜材料的吸附性能,还研究吸附剂制备对吸附速率,吸附量和机械强度等性能的影响,发现粒径小于43μm的树脂粉末,按60％质量分数制成的500μm厚膜材料具有较优的综合性能。     

The use of electrolyte redox potential to monitor the Ce(IV)/Ce(III) couple

Mathematical modelling of the oxidation reduction redox potential (ORP) of an electrolyte has been carried out for a batch system comprising an electrochemical reactor and an electrolyte circuit containing a redox couple. The ORP can be useful to monitor the environmental impact of chemical species in solution that represent a risk to the environment. Considerations of four fundamental equations, namely, the Nernst equation, a mass balance, Faraday's laws of electrolysis and a first order kinetic equation, leads to an expression for the electrolyte redox potential as a function of the batch time, the electrical charge and the redox concentration. Such an expression facilitates graphical plots which can be used to estimate kinetic parameters, current efficiency and the relative redox concentration. The Ce(IV)/Ce(III) system has been chosen as a model reaction for electrolyte redox potential measurement in a batch recycle system consisting of a pumped flow through a divided FM01-LC parallel-plate electrochemical reactor (64cm(2) projected electrode area) and a well mixed tank (3600cm(3)). The differences between experimental and model predictions are discussed.     

成都市郊区雾水中阴离子变化的研究

本文用冷凝法采集雾水样品,用离子色谱法测定雾水样品中阴离子(氟离子、氯离子、亚硝酸根离子、硝酸根离子、硫酸根离子)的浓度,研究表明雾水中阴离子浓度与雾的浓密有关,雾水中硫酸根离子含量最高;雾水中阴离子浓度随大雾的消失而降低;雾水中阴离子浓度大于雨水。所得结果对在大雾天气情况下保护人体健康有一定参考意义。     

Determination of haloacetic acids concentrations in hospital effluent after chlorination by ion chromatography

The ion chromatography combined solid phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for the analysis of low concentration haloacetic acids(HAAs),a calss of disinfection by-products formed as a result of chlorination of hospital wastewater. The monitored HAAs included monochloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid. The method employed a sodium hydroxide eluent at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, electrolytically generated gradients, and suppressed conductivity detection. To analyze the HAAs in real hospital wastewater samples, C18 pretreatment cartridge was utilized to reduce samples' turbidity. Preconcentration with SPE and matrix elimination with treatment cartridges were investigated and were found to be able to obtain acceptable detection limits. Linearity, repeatability and detection limits of the above method were evaluated. The detection limits of monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid were 2.61 μg/L and 1.30 μg/L respectively, and the other three are ranging from 0.48 to 0.82 μg/L under 25-fold preconcentration. When the above optimization procedure was applied to three hospital wastewater samples with different treatment processes in Tianjin, it was found that the dichloroacetic acid is the major compound, and the growth ratios of the HAAs after disinfection by sodium hypochlorite were 91.28%, 63.61% and 79.50%, respectively.     

濒海大气环境氯离子高度分布规律研究

目的 研究濒海大气环境氯离子沿建筑物高度的分布规律。方法 以海南濒海高层建筑为研究平台,在建筑物不同高度楼层设置监测点,采用“纱布法”完成不同高度层的大气环境氯离子沉积速率数据采集,每次取换样周期为30 d,连续监测1 a。利用离子色谱仪对所采集的样本进行检测分析,研究濒海大气环境氯离子沿建筑物高度的分布规律。结果 氯离子沉积速率随塔楼高度的增加而升高,在塔楼建筑高度60%～70%的区域,受到高层建筑“下冲风”的影响,氯离子沉积速率会有所下降,出现相对低值。通过这个区域后,氯离子沉积速率又逐渐升高。结论 濒海大气氯离子沉积速率沿建筑物高度变化规律受到大气氯离子浓度、风向风速、温湿度和高层建筑气流的综合影响。     

上海市近16年湿沉降化学特征分析

对上海市1992-2007年湿沉降监测结果进行研究,16年来,上海市湿沉降主要呈现以下特征:pH总体呈现下降趋势,酸雨频率呈现上升趋势;2002年起升幅很大;硫酸根离子和钙离子浓度总体呈下降趋势,2003年后,各离子浓度都有一定程度下降;钙离子在总阳离子中的比例总体上明显下降,铵离子与总阳离子的百分比总体上呈上升趋势;硫酸根离子在总阴离子中的比例有所下降,硝酸根离子与总阴离子的百分比则一直呈上升趋势;硫酸根与硝酸根年均值的比值总体上呈明显的下降趋势,表明硫酸型在逐渐减弱;钙离子与铵离子的比值总体上也呈明显的下降趋势。