MBR工艺应用于垃级渗滤液处理的研究

结合我国垃圾渗滤液的特点,利用MBR工艺处理垃圾填埋场的渗滤液,发现按常规MBR工艺处理垃圾渗滤液,重金属离子会在反硝化反应器中富集,从而影响处理的效果,需要在MBR运行中采用适当的方法尽量减低重金属离子的影响.经过调整后的MBR工艺处理垃圾渗滤液可以达到国家一级排放标准.     

Investigation of drugs of abuse and relevant metabolites in Dutch sewage water by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry

An extensive study on the presence of illicit drugs and pharmaceuticals with potential for abuse in sewage waters was made for the first time in the Netherlands. A total number of 24 target drugs were investigated in influent and effluent wastewater using liquid chromatography coupled to a high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometer. This powerful analyzer has allowed not only the detection and identification of the compounds under investigation, but also their quantification at very low levels, which is highly innovative in the field of drugs of abuse. Samples were taken from five sewage treatment plants (STPs) during a whole week. The selected STPs served four cities of different size and an international airport. Daily variances of drug loads were demonstrated and removal efficiencies calculated for each drug and STP individually. Twelve target compounds were found in at least one influent or effluent, and highest concentrations were observed in influents collected from more urbanized areas. The compounds more frequently detected were amphetamine, benzoylecgonine, cocaine and THCCOOH together with the pharmaceuticals codeine, oxazepam and temazepam. Established week trends in consumption of drugs showed distinct differences between individual drugs. A slightly different occurrence pattern was observed in wastewaters from the airport. Thus, methamphetamine was only detected at Schiphol, a fact that was interpreted to be caused by consumption of this drug by travelers. Despite the fact that the Netherlands has frequently been criticized for its liberal drug policy the results from this study did not reveal higher drug consumption than found elsewhere, with the exception of cannabis.     

氨法脱硫洗涤液pH的计算模型

应用酸碱质子理论,根据质子平衡方程建立了氨法脱硫洗涤液相关离子浓度与pH的相关性模型,并对其影响因素进行了讨论。研究表明:脱硫洗涤液理论计算pH与实测的pH基本吻合。结合实验验证了影响洗涤液pH的硫元素存在形态与脱硫洗涤液pH之间的相图关系,并提出模型修正方法。模型可作为氨法脱硫洗涤液pH的合理计算方法。     

新型重金属捕集剂NBMIPA处理含铜汞废水

研究了以间苯二甲酰氯和巯基乙胺盐酸盐为原料合成的重金属捕集剂NBMIPA对单一Cu2＋、Hg2＋电镀废水的捕集性能。结果研究表明,NBMIPA对Cu2＋和Hg2＋的捕集性能优良,NBMIPA投加量越大,捕集性能越高;NBMIPA对pH具有较宽适应性。NBMIPA对于单一含铜废水可无需调pH,投加捕集剂量为废水中含量的4～5倍（摩尔比）,静置后其上层清夜中所含Cu2＋为0.38 mg/L,Cu2＋的去除率可达99.5%以上;当NBMIPA的投加量（摩尔比）是Hg2＋的3.5～4.5倍时,Hg2＋的去除率达到99.83%,残余Hg2＋浓度为0.032 mg/L。     

一种重金属螯合剂的制备及其性能

采用聚丙烯酰胺和磺胺在碱性条件下合成了一种新型的重金属螯合剂—PAS,并对合成原料PAM和产物PAS进行了红外光谱和紫外光谱表征,分析结果表明,PAS中有N—C—S和C-S生成。将PAS用于重金属离子的螯合实验,研究了温度、pH和初始浓度对PAS去除镍离子性能的影响,用PAS处理100 mg/L的Cu2＋、Zn2＋、Cd2＋和Pb2＋的单个离子模拟废水,去除率最高分别可达到90%、96%、99%和99%。用PAS处理含Pb2＋、Cd2＋、Zn2＋和Cu2＋混合废水,去除顺序为Pb2＋〉Cd2＋〉Zn2＋〉Cu2＋。PAS对重金属离子具有很好的螯合效果,应用前景广阔。     

Cu~(2+)改性活性炭的制备及其去除废水中CN~-的研究

以活性炭为载体负载溶液中的 Cu~(2+),Cu~(2+)改性活性炭对溶液中 CN~-的去除效果较好。Cu~(2+)改性活性炭的最佳制备条件:活性炭加入量为1 g,质量浓度为5 g/L 的 CuSO_4溶液加入量为50 mL,溶液 pH 为4,负载时间为5.0 h。在此最佳条件下活性炭的最大 Cu~(2+)负载量为25.90 mg(以每克活性炭计)。Cu~(2+)改性后活性炭的 CN~-去除率明显提高,由22.10%提高至94.07%。Cu~(2+)改性活性炭吸附CN~-的最佳实验条件:溶液 pH 为12～13,吸附时间为9 h。Cu~(2+)改性活性炭对 CN~-的饱和吸附量为22 mg/g。Mg~(2+),K~+,Ca~(2+),Cl~-,SO_4~(2-),CO_3~(2-),AsO_3~-对 Cu~(2+)改性活性炭的 CN~-去除率基本没有影响。Cu~(2+)改性活性炭的动态吸附实验表明,开始一段时间流出液中 CN~-含量几乎为零,远低于国家排放标准(0.5 mg/L)。     

黄磷尾气中PH3液相催化净化研究

以Mn（Ⅱ）与Pd（Ⅱ）为催化剂的吸收净化溶液对黄磷尾气中的PH3进行了液相催化氧化研究。考察了混合气中02浓度、温度、入口PH3浓度、气体流量和吸收液pH变化与磷化氢净化效率曲线的关系。实验结果表明：混合气中较佳的氧含量为5％;在20℃至75℃范围内,低温对催化净化有利,较适宜的反应温度为20℃;较低的PH3入口浓度和低气速均有利于对PH3的净化;吸收液较高的pH有利于吸收液中催化剂催化效能的发挥。吸收液对PH3的净化效率可达100％,但因吸收液中的金属离子易与PH3产生的PO4^3-形成沉淀,使金属离子脱离液相催化氧化系统,吸收液失效较快。     

氨基改性二氧化硅气凝胶的制备及其对镍离子的吸附性能

以正硅酸乙酯为硅源、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为改性剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了氨基改性二氧化硅气凝胶,采用FTIR、SEM、TEM和BET技术对其进行了表征,并将其用于对水中镍离子的吸附。表征结果显示,改性前后的气凝胶均具有三维多孔网络结构,比表面积分别为877.35 m²/g和357.76 m²/g,平均孔径分别为10 nm和12 nm。实验结果表明：溶液pH为4~7时改性气凝胶对镍离子均保持较高的吸附量,溶液pH为6左右时吸附量最高;Langmuir等温吸附模型能更好地描述镍离子在改性气凝胶上的吸附行为,其饱和吸附量为70.03 mg/g,改性前仅为29.05 mg/g;改性气凝胶重复使用5次后,仍保持较高的镍离子去除率,重复使用性能良好。     

电渗析法脱除氨法烟气脱硫浆液中的氟离子

利用异相膜电渗析装置去除氨法烟气脱硫浆液中的F~-。考察了脱硫浆液p H、F~-初始质量浓度、Cl~-初始质量浓度、膜堆两端电压、浓缩室和淡化室循环流量等操作参数对F~-去除效果的影响。实验结果表明:在酸性条件下,F~-去除率更高;脱硫浆液中F~-初始质量浓度越高,F~-去除率越高;Cl~-初始质量浓度较低时会增加F~-去除率,过高时又会降低F~-去除率。优化的操作条件为:膜堆两端电压25 V,浓缩室和淡化室循环流量300 L/h。一级电渗析进行100 min后,Cl~-去除率接近100%,F~-去除率只有47.3%。二级电渗析进行100 min时,F~-去除率达92.2%。一、二级电渗析F~-累积去除率达96.1%。