地方文化在城市雕塑设计中的表达——以山东省威海市海滨雕塑为例

城市雕塑是城市文化的载体,具有重要的文化意义,但目前我国城市雕塑缺乏地方文化特色的现象较突出.在对国内外相关研究文献回顾的基础上借鉴雕塑设计、景观设计、旅游规划和公共艺术设计的研究成果,确定了城市地方文化在城市雕塑设计中表达的理论与方法以及相应的实施程序,并以山东省威海市为例进行了理论验证,提出了新型城市雕塑的概念设计与实施建议.     

国外屋顶绿化推广的政策分析与启示

分析了屋顶绿化的生态价值和经济效益,介绍了国内外屋顶绿化政策及实施情况,探讨了如何在我国城市化进程中,通过相关政策和技术标准的运用,不断推广屋顶绿化,充分发挥其对城市环境保护和生态服务的作用。     

Assessment Tools for Urban Catchments: Developing Stressor Gradients1

Abstract: This is the first in a series of three articles designed to establish empirically defined biological indicators and thresholds for impairment for urbanized catchments, and to describe a process by which the biological condition of waterbodies in urbanized catchments can be applied. This article describes alternative gradients of urbanization for assessing and selecting a nationally applicable biological index (article 2 – Purcell et al., this issue ) and defining the potential of biological communities within a gradient of cumulative stressors (article 3 – Paul et al. this issue ). Gradients were designed to represent the most prominent mosaic of stressors found in urban settings. A primary urban gradient was assembled based on readily obtained information of urbanization to include three broad‐scale parameters: percent urban land use/land cover, population density, and road density. This gradient was used as the standard by which alternative urban gradients, which included fine‐scale instream chemical and hydrologic parameters, were assessed. Five alternative gradients were developed to provide numerous environmental management options based on availability of data from water program resources. The urban gradients were developed with the intent that they be applied throughout the country; therefore, data from three different regions of the United States (Mid‐Atlantic, Midwest, and Pacific Coast) were used to validate the urban gradient model. Our study showed that a relatively straightforward stressor gradient consisting of human population density, road density, and urban land use is useful in providing a framework for developing relevant biological indicators and evaluating the potential of biological communities as a basis for assessing attainment of designated aquatic life use.     

Bags with oven-dried moss for the active monitoring of airborne trace elements in urban areas

To define a harmonized methodology for the use of moss and lichen bags as active monitoring devices of airborne trace elements in urban areas, we evaluated the element accumulation in bags exposed in Naples in different spring weather conditions for 6- and 12-weeks. Three different pre-exposure treatments were applied to moss and lichen materials: water-washing, acid-washing and oven-drying. During the different exposure periods in the Naples urban environment the moss accumulated always higher amounts of elements (except Hg) than lichens and the element accumulation increased during wetter weather and higher PM₁₀ conditions. The oven pre-treatment did not substantially modify the morphology and element composition of moss and the exposure in bags of this material for 6-weeks was sufficient to detect the pattern of airborne trace elements.     

基于Agent的城市污水处理可持续发展工艺选型定量建模研究

从可持续发展的角度分析和研究中国目前的城市污水处理工艺,选出符合中国国情的工艺流程日益成为迫切需要解决的问题.在广泛调研和资料分析的基础上,基于可持续发展的原则,通过对中国城市污水处理的现状进行分析,建立了可供筛选的处理技术数据库,并通过基于生命周期的Agent模型,对每项组合工艺流程进行功能模拟和性能评价,按照所建立的评价模型和指标体系,综合考察各项处理工艺的污染物处理水平、投资成本和附属产物的环境影响等因素.按照可持续发展的技术准则进行判定,从而选择满足可持续发展要求的城市污水处理组合工艺.     

南通市城镇建设用地扩展时空特征分析及模拟

随着工业化与城市化步伐的加快,城镇建设用地高速扩张,建设与粮食生产的矛盾日益突出,如何合理有效使用土地成为城市快速发展过程中迫切需要解决的问题。通过多时相遥感卫星影像,结合相关模型,分析和模拟建设用地扩展的时空特征,可以为城市土地合理配置与投放提供依据。利用 1987、1990、1997、2001、2006年的TM卫星遥感影像解译获得的建设用地数据,分析了南通近 20年来城镇建设用地变化和城区扩展特征,并且模拟了其扩展趋势。结果表明：南通市城镇建设用地扩展呈现明显的阶段性特征;其扩展的热点主要集中在沿江区域,沿海地区城镇建设用地扩展的热度逐步升温;城镇建设用地扩展显示出城镇组团化发展的趋势,尤其使南通大都市区的轮廓日益明晰。     

武汉市主要绿化树种滞尘效应研究

本实验对武汉市城区主干道主要绿化树种的滞尘效应与叶表面结构进行了研究。结果表明：（1）同一尘源条件下,不同树种的滞尘能力差异显著。乔木中悬铃木滞尘能力较高,可达6.9345 g/m²;小乔木中紫薇和紫叶李是滞尘能力较高的树种,滞尘能力分别为1.9543 g/m²和1.8790 g/m²;灌木中红花檵木和杜鹃等有较强的滞尘能力,分别可达4.0373 g/m²和3.8875 g/m²;（2）利用扫描电镜观察叶表面结构发现：叶表具毛被、褶皱、较深的不规则网格等特征的树种滞尘能力较高,叶表平滑或叶表网格结构规则且较浅时滞尘能力较低;（3）同一树种在不同的尘源条件下滞尘能力差异显著,空气中颗粒物浓度越高,滞尘能力也越大。以车流量近似模拟尘源条件表明,滞尘能力与车流量呈正相关。     

成都平原城市群的城市流分析

在西部大开发战略不断深入的宏观背景下,以西部地区代表性的城市群--成都平原城市群为例,运用城市流的方法分析城市群内5个主要城市间的空间相互作用,计算并找出不同城市的基础部门和城市流强度,得出结论：成都平原城市群内城市之间外向服务功能呈现明显的差异,有着较好的错位发展空间;在具体产业表现上,交通运输仓储和邮电通信业发展良好,而房地产业、文化体育和娱乐业和公共管理社会组织发展不均衡;成都的城市流倾向度值表明了其当之无愧地成为成都平原城市群的中心城市;次位城市绵阳面临自身内向性发展不足的问题;城市群内部城市的等级分化明显,城市化水平存在巨大的差距。并提出加强成都平原城市群内部联系的简要建议和未来研究的展望.     

城市景观生态网络规划的空间模式应用探讨

城市景观生态网络空间模式研究是生态城市和景观规划设计现今研究的重要领域之一,目的在于依据景观生态网络模式的应用建立起生态城市规划建设的基本框架和技术途径。在探讨城市景观生态系统特征和城市景观生态网络结构的基础上,总结景观生态网络空间模式并重点分析了水景树的空间生态模式、森林 道路 住宅复合网络模式、平原城市农田 灌木丛 河流交叉网络模式、岛屿城市的绿地 道路生态网络模式4种城市景观生态网络典型模式的图示特征及其生态意义。依此为理论指导基础,以都江堰为例,在继承都江堰大地景观格局并结合都江堰市灾后重建需求的前提下,研究都江堰市城市景观生态格局和生态过程,探讨在不同尺度和不同维度上运用4种网络图示进行都江堰城市景观生态网络优化调整的空间模式和对策。(1)依据“水景树图式”优化调整纵向维度景观生态格局;(2)依据“森林 道路 住宅”和“农田 灌木丛 河流”网络调整横向维度景观生态格局;(3)依据岛屿城市的“绿地 道路”景观生态网络调整城市组团景观生态格局.     

Dynamic Evaluation on Regional Tourism Competitiveness： Urban Agglomeration of Shandong Peninsula, Eastern China

The article establishes the appraisal index system for entire urban agglomeration and its interior cities individually, concretely including five aspects： driving forces for tourism development, the level of tourism development, tourism impacts, tourism economic connection and tourism contributions of different cities to the whole urban agglomeration. As tourism competitiveness has the characteristics of comprehensiveness, systematicness and dynamicness, the article attempts to apply the structural prediction means of system dynamics to evaluating tourism competitiveness, aiming to provide some research methods and analysis ideas for tourism competitiveness measurement and trends analysis in urban agglomeration. Taking Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration as the study area, the article simulates and analyzes the tourism competitiveness trend of the whole region and its interior cities from 2005 to 2020, and the result reflects that integrated development and regional combination of tourism are important means to upgrade tourism competitiveness in this region.