Dispersion of Pollutants in Street Canyon under Traffic Induced Flow and Turbulence

A 3-D Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to moving vehicles is presented that takes into account the traffic induced flow rate and turbulence. The method is applied to pollutants dispersion in a street canyon. The approach is based on CFD calculations using Eulerian approach to the continuous phase and Lagrangian approach to the "discrete phase" of moving objects - vehicles. A commercial CFD code StarCD was used into which the Lagrangian model was integrated. As an example a street canyon is taken into consideration. It has the length of 50 m and the aspect ratio of 1.27. The speed of wind was assigned values of 4, 7 and 12 m/s at the altitude of 300 m. The total height of the domain is 115 m. In the study different traffic situations are considered, namely one-way and two-way traffic with different traffic rates per lane. The predictions show that different traffic situations affect pollutants dispersion in the street canyon and that there are also differences in the pollutants dispersion in case of one- and two-way traffic.     

城市总体规划环境影响评价的探讨

我国城市总体规划的环境影响评价刚刚起步，其研究的技术方法体系还处于探讨阶段，这给城市总体规划环境影响评价的实施带来了理论和实践上的障碍。文中针对城市总体规划设计了评价指标体系，从规划分析、环境影响分析、减缓措施和环境管理计划4方面阐述了评价内容。并对现有的评价技术方法进行了总结。     

城市街道峡谷空气质量的初步研究

介绍了街道峡谷的定义及特征,通过对其空气质量进行初步研究,分析影响街道峡谷空气质量的因素,选择采样点位及监测技术,探讨了污染物迁移扩散的规律,提出今后街道峡谷研究的方向.     

发展城市绿色流通的问题及对策研究

发展绿色流通是我国城市治理环境污染的新路径,也是一种既经济又高效的治污新举措。但目前发展城市绿色流通面临着诸多问题,需要树立绿色流通理念,实施绿色经营战略,强化流通企业责任,加快物流社会化建设,加大政府支持力度。     

抚顺市空气环境容量的测算

在建立空气污染物排放清单的基础上，利用ADMS-城市多元扩散模型，采用城市空气质量管理战略初步成果，测算了抚顺市二氧化硫、颗粒物的容量。     

道路峡谷内颗粒物粒径分布测试

根据在北京市道路路面附近颗粒物 (TSP)的实测数据 ,分析了道路峡谷内 TSP的粒径分布 ,以及粒径分布与峡谷结构、距地面距离的关系 ,说明了影响粒径分布的主要因素。     

中国城市地震灾害危险度评价

应用中国历史上发生的M≥4的6759条地震信息和2000年中国672个城市的有关信息,采用中国城市近源地震等效震级和城市地震灾害承灾体易损性指数CV,构建了中国城市地震灾害危险度指数W X,并编制了相应的分布图.研究表明:中国41.82%的城市历史上发生过≥4的近源地震.CV高值城市的分布与我国城市群、城市带的分布并不一致.华北地区、台湾岛地区是我国城市高危险度的高密集区,其次是福建广东沿海、云南省、新疆天山山脉等地区.WX值在3.0以上的37个城市应作为国家减轻地震灾害的重点城市.     

城市基础设施安全系统的结构与和谐发展

城市基础设施安全关系到人民生命财产的安全,也制约着城市经济、社会、环境的协调发展。整个安全系统由7个安全子系统组成,它们相对独立,协调运转,共同影响城市经济、社会和环境的效益。笔者运用ANP法(网络分析法)剖析了城市基础设施安全系统的结构及其内在规律;应用科学发展观,整合城市基础设施安全系统和经济系统、社会系统、环境系统之间相辅相成的发展关系,提出一体化的可持续发展模式;同时指出,可持续发展的动力、资源和条件都受到城市内外经济、社会、环境因素的制约,为满足整个安全系统和谐发展的要求,必须科学规划和管理城市基础设施,保证其安全运行。     

城市轨道交通危险因素分析

目前我国的城市轨道建设已经进入高潮期,城市轨道的安全问题也变得日益重要.笔者通过统计分析国内外历年发生的轨道交通事故,总结了轨道交通在施工期间、供电系统、车辆系统、通风/排烟系统、给/排水系统、通信/信号系统、公用工程及辅助设施等方面的事故分析了存在的危险因素,为确保地铁的安全运营提供依据.     

Impediments to Integrated Urban Stormwater Management: The Need for Institutional Reform

It is now well established that the traditional practice of urban stormwater management contributes to the degradation of receiving waterways, and this practice was more recently critiqued for facilitating the wastage of a valuable water resource. However, despite significant advances in alternative “integrated urban stormwater management” techniques and processes over the last 20 years, wide-scale implementation has been limited. This problem is indicative of broader institutional impediments that are beyond current concerns of strengthening technological and planning process expertise. Presented here is an analysis of the institutionalization of urban stormwater management across Sydney with the objective of scoping institutional impediments to more sustainable management approaches. The analysis reveals that the inertia with the public administration of urban stormwater inherently privileges and perpetuates traditional stormwater management practices at implementation. This inertia is characterized by historically entrained forms of technocratic institutional power and expertise, values and leadership, and structure and jurisdiction posing significant impediments to change and the realization of integrated urban stormwater management. These insights strongly point to the need for institutional change specifically directed at fostering horizontal integration of the various functions of the existing administrative regime. This would need to be underpinned with capacity-building interventions targeted at enabling a learning culture that values integration and participatory decision making. These insights also provide guideposts for assessing the institutional and capacity development needs for improving urban water management practices in other contexts.