城市环境地球化学调查研究方法综述

总结了城市环境地球化学调查的技术路线,论述了城市环境地球化学解释的思路和方法,提出了城市环境地球化学调查研究的重点问题及研究方向,为开展城市环境调查和评价工作提供了有参考价值的研究线索。     

两种改良型活性污泥法在城市污水处理中的比较

介绍了2种改良型活性污泥法———氧化沟工艺和百乐克工艺的特点,并针对2种工艺实际应用中的情况,分析2种工艺在今后发展应用中的趋势。     

Applying Integrated Urban Water Management Concepts: A Review of Australian Experience

This article explores recent Australian experiences in the application of the concept of integrated urban water management (IUWM) to land development sites through the review of 15 case studies. It discusses lUWM’s emergence and comments on the success or otherwise of Australian experience in its application. The understanding of IUWM is maturing within the Australian water industry, an occurrence that has been facilitated by demonstration sites such as those reviewed. Successes include the translation of IUWM concepts into well-functioning operational urban developments, significant reductions in the impact of the urban developments on the total water cycle, and the increasing acceptance of the concept within the water and land development industries. However, there is still room for greater integration of the water supply, stormwater, and wastewater components of the urban water cycle, improved dissemination of knowledge, enhancement of skills in both public and private organisations, and monitoring the performance of systems and technologies.     

UASB处理低浓度城市生活污水的中试试验

研究1·2m3厌氧反应器(UASB),在自然温度(水温32~5℃)下,处理CODCr浓度为200mg/L左右的低浓度生活污水。实验采用颗粒污泥接种二次启动法。水处理系统在水温32~5℃范围内运行6个月的时间,UASB反应器在上升流速为1·4~1·7m/h,水力停留时间(HRT)为3·0~2·5h,CODCr有机污泥负荷(SLR)为0·06~0·13kg/(kg·d)时,去除效率比较稳定,CODCr去除率达40%~80%。     

城市河道水质恢复技术及发展趋势

在分析城市河道水体污染现状和污染源的基础上,介绍了物理、化学、生物生态等城市河道水质恢复技术,分析了不同技术的优缺点及适用性,并预测了城市河道水体恢复技术的发展趋势。     

上海城市河道治理工程简介

对上海中心城区内5条污染河道的背景情况、治理工程措施及实践效果进行了介绍,对国内相似地区开展城市水环境整治工作具有一定的参考价值。     

西安市城中村事故隐患分析及对策措施研究

以实地调查所得的西安市城中村的安全状况为依据,针对西安市城中村事故频发、救援困难的特点,从系统论的观点,全面分析了西安市城中村这一系统所存在的主要危险有害因素,得到以西安市城中村灾害事故为顶上事件的事故树,充分运用事故树模型,计算得出西安市城中村存在的主要危险有害因素的结构重要度排序。本次调查研究以有效的解决西安市城中村事故隐患为目的,利用系统论和FTA为研究手段,针对目前西安城中村事故隐患提出了“五加强”的对策：加强施工安全规范、加强交通管理、加强治安巡查力度、加强基础设施建设、加强消防知识教育,为全国各大城市城中村事故隐患问题的解决提供一定的参考。     

Spatial distribution of aerosol pollution based on MODIS data over Beijing, China

With the help of regression analysis,the relationships were detected between aerosol's contribution to apparent reflectance(ACR) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)on board Terra and hourly PM_(10)mass concentration measured at 30 ground-based locations in Beijing for the August of 2003 and 2004.It was shown that there was a good correlation between the ACR and PM_(10)(linear correlation coefficient,R=0.56).On the basis of this relationship,spatial distribution and possible sources of PM_(10)derived from MODIS were analyzed and two frequently heavily-polluted regions were found,namely downtown of the city and the district near Xishan Mountain.These two regions coincidently are also urban heat island centers.The foundings of this paper will be greatly useful for environmental monitoring and urban planning for Beijing,especially for the 2008 Olympic game to be held in Beijing.     

成都市城镇体系空间结构研究

成都市位于四川盆地的成都平原上,是我国为数不多的较典型的同心圆城市之一。目前,成都市的城市发展已经进入了工业化与城市化中期阶段。从空间结构理论入手,对成都市城镇体系的空间结构进行分析,结果显示：行政辖区内的14个郊县（区）呈现具有黄金分割特征的五边形结构,并可划分为5个五边形。它们分别是：龙泉驿-新都-郫县-温江-双流5个近郊县、区构成的卫星城镇环;大邑-崇州-邛崃-蒲江-新津5个郊县构成的远郊城镇环;以都江堰为共同顶点,由近郊卫星城镇与远郊县、区构成的2个五边形城镇环（郫县-新都-青白江-彭州-都江堰、郫县-温江-崇州-大邑-都江堰）,以及成都主城区东、南部尚待形成的五边形城镇体系结构。在理论上论证了成都市向东、向南发展的客观性、必然性。     

长江经济带城市对外服务能力时空演变分析

基于城市流强度模型测算2000年以来长江经济带126个地级以上城市在全国范围内的对外服务能力,进而采用改良锡尔系数、马尔可夫链和ESDA方法对城市对外服务能力的时空演变特征进行探讨。结果表明:研究时段内长江经济带各市城市流强度都有显著提升,但区域间的非均衡现象明显,城市对外服务能力呈现出由东部向西部的梯度递减;省内差异对城市对外服务能力的差异贡献率最高,是空间尺度差异的主要来源;对外服务能力存在明显的俱乐部趋同现象和空间自相关性,对外服务能力相似的区域聚集分布,东、中、西部分别形成长三角、武汉-长沙、成渝等对外服务区域中心;时空演变表现出阶段性特征,经历由极化向均衡的转变。最后指出多中心发展和寻找新增长点应成为长江经济带城市对外服务能力提升的方向。