环境监测数据的随机分析

本文以大气污染监测数据的随机分析为主,阐述了如何根据统计学理论,对大量已有的环境监测数据进行随机分析,以便充分利用环境数据库资源,改善环境监测管理工作。     

Effect of domestic sewage on growth of phytoplankton-mathematical model

A mathematical model relating to the change in phytoplankton biomass in the period of growth and nutrient concentration in the media was proposed on the basis of the Monod equation and was testified by simulation experiments. Analysis of the experiment data showed that: the half-saturation constants for growth Kp (μmol/L) for Skeletonema, Chaetoceros and Prorocentrum were 5.52, 1.90 and 0.46, respectively; the balance between stimulation of nutrients and the inhibition of some other materials was found in the effect of domestic sewage on algal growth and the stimulation played a leading role; domestic sewage was more stimulative on dinoflag-ellate than on diatom and chlorophyte when the assemblage of the algae was cultured. The experiment suggested that mathematical model reasonably explained the characteristics of phytoplankton growth in different nutrient conditions and was worthy to be further improved for eutrophication prediction in off-shore water.     

Chance-constrained programming (CCP)abatement of SO_2 emission for acid deposition control in Liuzhou City

A deterministic linear programming model which optimizes the abatement of each SO2 emission source, is extended into a CCP form by introducing equations of probabilistic constrained through the incorporation of uncertainty in the source-receptor-specific transfer coefficients. Based on the calculation of SO2 and sulfate average residence time for Liuzhou City, a sulfur deposition model has been developed and the distribution of transfer coefficients have been found to be approximately log-normal. Sulfur removal minimization of the model shows that the abatement of emission sources in the city is more effective, while control cost optimization provides the lowest cost programmes for source abatement at each allowable deposition limit under varied environmental risk levels. Finally a practicable programme is recommended.     

A study on Se application for improving the soil in the environment at lower Se level

A result that application of sodium selenite or fly ash to some of soilin loess plateau can increase Se content in wheat grain has been demonstrated by the pot and field experiments, and added Se in soil can last its availability for 3 years. So this is a good measure for improving the low Se soils and preventing the Kaschin-Beck disease.     

几种不同浓缩技术回收水中病毒的效果

实验表明,即使病毒剂量低到一个感染性病毒也可使人感染,并可在人群间造成传播。因此,水环境的病毒污染深为人们关切。 水中的致病性病毒主要来自人和动物的排泄物及医院废水。目前已从各种水体中检测出120多种危及人类健康的肠道病毒和其它病毒。 世界卫生组织要求,用最灵敏的方法试验,在100—1000L饮用水中应不含病毒。因此,病毒的浓缩技术是监测水中病毒的前提。 现在国内外使用的浓缩技术方法很多,但都不甚理想。我们用几种不同的方法回收自来水和污水厂出水中实验性污染的病毒,以便选择具有快速、简便、适用性广泛、浓缩水样体积大和回收病毒效率高的技术。     

可变电荷表面对磷的吸附与解吸动力学

研究了可变电荷表面为主的土壤对磷的吸附与解吸动力学。结果麦明,磷吸附和解吸动力学均可用修正的Elovich方程、双常数速率方程和分段拟合的抛物线扩散公式来表征。吸附和解吸过程均可分为快、慢两个反应阶段。磷吸附过程是一个扩散控制的不可逆过程.     

城市草坪的生态热效益

分析了草坪的能量平衡机理以及与环境之间的热湿交换关系，说明了草坪对空气具有降温增湿作用。通过重庆市区一些草坪实测数据分析发现草坪日平衡温度与空气日平均温度相等，说明草坪与空气之间保持热量的生态平衡。     

氢化物发生一原子荧光光谱法测定气田废水中的痕量砷

采用氢化物发生－原子荧光光谱法测气田废水中的痕量砷。方法有取样量少，操作简单、灵敏度高、准确度高、重现性好等优点。砷的测定线性范围为1～200ng/mL，方法的检出限为0．0453ng/mL，相对标准偏差小于等于1．6％，加标回收率在96．0％～97．7％范围内。测定密码标样与气田废水中的痕量砷，获得了满意的结果。     

电磁辐射污染与防护

随着电子技术的飞速发展,电磁辐射污染问题日趋严重.通过对电磁辐射的理论、危害、污染现状及其目前防治对策的研究得出:在现有的对电磁辐射环境防护措施的基础上,需要在宣传教育、环境标准的制定、环境监测手段、环境质量评价以及电磁辐射防护产品的开发几方面投入更多精力,以便更好的维护公众健康.     

小康居住区的水环境与水质净化工程

分析了小康居住区水环境的含义，组成，并对居住区水质净化工程中3个热点问题（优质饮水，污水处理和中水回用等）进行了较深入的分析，建议小康居住区优质饮水供应以小区纯水站净化，管理输送至用户方式为主；不居住区的污水处理应分3种情况区别对待，在居住区污水处理达到排放标准的基础上，进一步处理回用，是经济合理的。