响应面法优化MAP沉淀去除回收尿液中磷的研究

基于模拟尿液的组成特点,利用Box-Behnken Design实验及响应面法对磷酸铵镁(MAP)沉淀去除回收尿液磷过程中反应pH值、Mg²⁺与PO₄^3-物质的量比(Mg/P比)及Ca²⁺与PO₄^3-物质的量比(Ca/P比)3个重要影响因素(分别表示为X₁、X₂、X₃)及各因素之间的交互式影响进行考察,并利用SEM、FTIR、ICP和XRD表征手段分析结晶沉淀组成和晶形特征.实验结果表明,回归方程中X₁、X₂、X₃、X₁X₃、X₂X₃、X₁²、X²₂、X₃²对磷去除率影响显著;当反应pH值和Mg/P比范围分别在8.5~9.5和1.0~1.2之间时,磷去除率响应值能达到99%.产物表征结果表明,模拟尿液中K⁺和Na⁺对结晶干扰较小;当Ca²⁺的浓度相对较低(Ca/P比小于0.25)时,沉淀中MAP的纯度高于85%,晶体形状大部分为斜方形;当Ca²⁺的浓度相对较高(Ca/P比大于0.25)时,沉淀中的MAP下降明显,晶体形状开始不规则,杂质增多;当模拟尿液中Ca/P比为0.5时,MAP纯度仅有约70%.     

广州市幼儿园儿童对羟基苯甲酸酯内暴露水平及分布特征

对羟基苯甲酸酯是一种防腐剂和抑菌剂,广泛应用于食品、药品和化妆品等行业。研究已证实对羟基苯甲酸酯具有一定的生殖毒性、发育毒性以及雌激素活性。通过测定尿液中对羟基苯甲酸酯的含量,可综合地反映出人体对羟基苯甲酸酯的暴露情况。本研究采集66例广州市某幼儿园儿童尿样,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测了其中对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯和对羟基苯甲酸苄酯等5种对羟基苯甲酸酯浓度水平。对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯的中值浓度分别为4.42、1.39和1.74μg·L~(-1)。对羟基苯甲酸丁酯和对羟基苯甲酸苄酯检出率较低。本研究中广州市幼儿园儿童对羟基苯甲酸酯含量水平远低于欧美国家同龄儿童,而与印度同龄儿童水平相当。相关性分析显示,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯与对羟基苯甲酸丙酯呈一定程度的相关性,暗示二者可能有相同的来源。     

Keep swimming but stop peeing in the pools

正Swimming is excellent exercise and offers many health benefits.However,the"chlorine smell"in swimming pools may be a turn-off for some people.Although this smell is often thought to be of chlorine,it actually comes from volatile compounds that are produced from unintended reactions between disinfectants(e.g.,chlorine)and organic matter in     

Detection of Y chromosome-specific DNA in the plasma and urine of pregnant women using nested polymerase chain reaction

The present study was undertaken to evaluate a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Y chromosome-specific fetal DNA in maternal plasma and urine of pregnant women during different gestational stages. DNA isolated from plasma and urine samples of 80 pregnant women (between 7 and 40 weeks' gestation) underwent amplification for Y chromosome-specific 198 bp DNA by nested PCR. The postpartum analysis of fetal gender showed that 55 women carried male and 25 female fetuses. Among the 55 women bearing male fetuses, Y chromosome-specific signals were detected in 53 (96%) plasma and 21 (38%) urine samples. Moreover, out of 25 women bearing female fetuses, 3 (12%) and 1 (4%) women had Y chromosome-specific signal in plasma and urine, respectively. Analysis of results with respect to gestational age revealed that there was no significant difference in the detection of Y chromosome-specific DNA between different trimesters in maternal plasma of women bearing male fetuses. These results showed that fetus-specific DNA was detected with high sensitivity (96%) and specificity (88%) in the maternal plasma by nested PCR, and therefore the method could be useful as a non-invasive procedure for fetal sex determination and prenatal diagnosis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

人尿中痕量铜的分光光度测定

本文采用自己合成的水溶性卟啉Ｔ（４－ＴＡＰ）Ｐ作试剂，在ｐＨ４５，盐酸羟胺存在下，建立了一种测定人尿中痕量铜的分光光度法，操作简便，结果准确，令人满意。     

Serum and urine monitoring of fluoride exposed workers in aluminium smelting factory

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Measurement of fetal urine production in mild infantile polycystic kidney disease—A case report

It is generally recognized that the sonographic findings of infantile polycystic kidney disease (IPKD) are bilaterally enlarged kidneys, oligohydramnios, an absent fetal bladder, and the typical kidney texture. Since there is a broad spectrum of renal compromise with IPKD, in utero diagnosis is thought to be limited to the severe forms. This paper reports a mild case of IPKD, where the in utero diagnosis was established by measuring fetal urine production and amniotic fluid volume serially during pregnancy, and by ultrasonographic examination of fetal kidneys.     

青海平安富Se土壤区环境及人体Se含量调查

通过对平安区三合镇祁新庄、骆驼堡、三合村3个村庄内土壤、饮用水、人体毛发、人体尿液的采样调查分析,并以乐都城台乡坝口村和山城村2个村庄作为Se背景区进行对比研究,认为平安三合富Se土壤产生了明显的生态效应,Se通过土壤-粮食-人体等生物链进行迁移积累,致使人发、人尿中Se水平与土壤Se呈正相关关系,人体Se水平良好响应环境Se状况。