能源植物修复镉污染土壤对根际细菌网络结构的影响

选取油脂类能源植物大豆和碳水化合物类能源植物玉米,采用高通量测序方法研究大豆、玉米修复Cd污染土壤过程中根际土壤细菌群落组成,基于高通量测序数据采用分子生态网络分析细菌相互作用.结果表明,50 mg·kg-1Cd污染土壤中两种植物根部Cd浓度和积累量最高,转移系数TF分别为玉米0.78和大豆0.35.基于细菌16S r RNA基因的群落分析表明,大豆、玉米根际土壤细菌主要包括Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Acidobacteria(酸杆菌门)31个门细菌组成,大豆、玉米种植均能影响土壤细菌群落组成,能影响Candidate division TM7 norank、Acidimicrobiales norank、Sphingomonas等丰度.分子生态网络分析表明种植大豆和玉米增加了细菌之间的相互作用,导致其网络结构更为复杂,关键细菌从不种植物处理的1个增加到种植大豆的6个和种植玉米的10个.     

河谷型城市土壤有害金属有机酸与细菌淋溶特性

在野外调查与前期研究的基础上,根据一点多样混合采样法收集宝鸡河谷型城市污染土壤样品50个.通过等温振荡平衡法研究了人工合成的螯合剂EDTA、DTPA、低分子有机酸草酸(Oxalic acid)、丁二酸(Butanedioic acid)、柠檬酸(Citrate)和枯草芽孢杆菌对城市污染土壤有害金属As、Cr、Cu、Pb、Sb、V、Zn的淋溶解吸特性.研究结果表明,EDTA、DTPA对宝鸡城市污染土壤As、Cr、Cu、Pb、Sb、V、Zn的整体淋溶解吸效果要优于草酸、丁二酸和柠檬酸.有机酸对宝鸡城市土壤有害金属As、Cr、Cu、Pb、Sb、V、Zn淋洗速率顺序为:柠檬酸:PbSbZn≈AsCuVCr;DTPA:Pb≥Cu≈ZnSbAsVCr;EDTA:Pb≥ZnCuSbAsVCr;草酸:PbSbAsVCuCr;丁二酸:CrPbSbAsVCu(丁二酸淋洗的Cr随时间缓慢增加).枯草芽孢杆菌对土壤有害金属淋溶具有pH和温度的依赖性,特别对Pb、Sb的淋溶解吸特为敏感,较高pH(pH=6)淋溶要大于低pH(pH=2).研究表明,枯草芽孢杆菌淋溶土壤有害金属是细菌本身、有机酸和淋溶液pH共同作用的过程.重金属Pb和Sb是宝鸡市环境污染与人群健康风险最主要的因子,因此,有机酸和细菌及其淋溶pH综合作用对西部河谷型城市土壤有害金属Pb、Sb复合污染的原位修复提供了新的思路.     

结合光谱法和计算模拟多角度分析2,2',4,4',5-五溴二苯醚与人血清白蛋白的作用机制

本文结合光谱法、动力学模拟(MD)和分子对接等手段,多角度地研究了2,2′,4,4′,5-五溴二苯醚(BDE-99)与人血清白蛋白(HSA)在pH=7.4模拟生理环境下的相互作用机制.首先采用MD从理论上模拟BDE-99与HSA相互作用的构象变化情况;然后利用同步荧光和三维荧光光谱法从实验角度进行验证,所得结果表明,BDE-99使HSA的疏水性增强从而导致其构象发生变化.同时,荧光光谱和紫外光谱得出BDE-99对HSA的猝灭机制属于静态猝灭和非辐射能量转移.另外,分子对接结果显示,BDE-99通过静电引力和疏水作用力结合在HSA的位点I处,这与竞争实验和热力学参数的分析结果是一致的.实验数据与模拟计算结果的相互印证,为进一步探究BDE-99和HSA的相互作用机制提供了重要的信息和参考依据.     

分子流态下翅片管式热沉传输几率计算分析

目的研究空间环境模拟器翅片管式热沉传输特性,为进一步开展真空等效性分析等研究工作奠定基础。方法根据热沉结构特点建立镜面反射气体输运通道模型,采用蒙特卡罗方法,对该模型的传输几率进行分析计算,并建立验证模型,对计算结果进行验证。结果对于所选择的翅片管式热沉,其平面阵列的传输几率为0.030 116 4,柱面阵列的传输几率为0.017 988 6。结论蒙特卡罗方法可以用于计算一定结构的翅片管式热沉的传输几率。通过传输几率的计算,可以将热沉等效为具有相应传输几率的可透射平面,从而在保证模拟精度的同时大大简化模拟计算强度,提高计算效率。     

Groundwaters at Risk: Wetland Loss Changes Sources,Lengthens Pathways,and Decelerates Rejuvenation of Groundwater Resources

Wetland loss alters the hydrology of wetlandscapes in poorly understood ways. To quantify the effects of wetland loss on subsurface hydrology, a physically based hydrologic model that simulates the timing and pathways of subsurface hydrologic connections was coupled with wetland inventories over a 50‐year period during which substantial wetland loss occurred. The model revealed, based on vertical variations in saturated hydraulic conductivities, wetland loss of different degrees led to a contraction of catchment contributing areas to local surface waters but an expansion of contributing areas to the regional surface water body. This shift in groundwater contributing areas reflected (1) a decrease in baseflow contribution to the local surface water bodies, and (2) an increase in the transit time and length of subsurface hydrologic connections with an associated increase in the magnitude and age of baseflow discharging to the regional surface water body. The model also showed regions with thick permeable aquifers were particularly sensitive to the loss of wetlands. Our ability to predict these changes in hydrology of the watershed provides important support for designing science‐based policies to promote sustainable water resource management.     

Biota Connect Aquatic Habitats throughout Freshwater Ecosystem Mosaics

Freshwater ecosystems are linked at various spatial and temporal scales by movements of biota adapted to life in water. We review the literature on movements of aquatic organisms that connect different types of freshwater habitats, focusing on linkages from streams and wetlands to downstream waters. Here, streams, wetlands, rivers, lakes, ponds, and other freshwater habitats are viewed as dynamic freshwater ecosystem mosaics (FEMs) that collectively provide the resources needed to sustain aquatic life. Based on existing evidence, it is clear that biotic linkages throughout FEMs have important consequences for biological integrity and biodiversity. All aquatic organisms move within and among FEM components, but differ in the mode, frequency, distance, and timing of their movements. These movements allow biota to recolonize habitats, avoid inbreeding, escape stressors, locate mates, and acquire resources. Cumulatively, these individual movements connect populations within and among FEMs and contribute to local and regional diversity, resilience to disturbance, and persistence of aquatic species in the face of environmental change. Thus, the biological connections established by movement of biota among streams, wetlands, and downstream waters are critical to the ecological integrity of these systems. Future research will help advance our understanding of the movements that link FEMs and their cumulative effects on downstream waters.     

Availability estimation of a multi-state wind farm in fuzzy environment

Wind is one of the fastest growing renewable energy resources in the electric power system. Availability of wind energy is volatile in nature due to the stochastic behavior of wind speed and non-linear variation of the wind power curve of wind turbine generator. Because of this impression and uncertainty, the availability estimation of wind power has become a challenging issue. In this paper, Markov Fuzzy Reward technique has been proposed for finding out the reliability of wind farm by assessing the availability of wind power. According to this technique, availability of the wind power has been estimated considering wind farm and demand both as a multi-state system. In addition to the availability, different reliability indices such as the number of absolute failures, mean time to deficiency, and probability of failures of a wind farm have been assessed in a time horizon, which can provide useful information for the power system planner at wind farm installing stage. A comparison of this study reveals the efficacy of the proposed Markov Fuzzy Reward approach over the conventional Markov Reward approach.     

两种不同硅铝比的ZSM-5型分子筛去除水中Pb~(2+)的研究

考察硅铝比不同的ZSM-5两种分子筛(25H和50H,25和50为硅铝比:SiO2/Al2O3)对水中Pb2+离子的吸附去除效能。两种材料均可有效吸附去除水中Pb2+离子,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附等温式,25H的最大吸附容量达22.22mg/g,吸附动力学符合假二阶动力学模型,吸附速率及吸附容量顺序为:25H>50H。随着投加量的增加,分子筛对Pb2+的去除率呈上升趋势。常见共存阳离子均对分子筛吸附去除Pb2+产生影响。