苯并(a)芘致毒的鱼的分子生态毒理学指标研究

通过测定典型的多环芳烃类物质苯并（a）芘（BaP）致毒后鱼体内几种重要分子生态毒理学指标的变化,来反映苯并（a）芘致毒对鱼体的影响．结果表明,肝脏ATPase活性降低,GST活性升高,DNA加合物相对标记水平（RAL）也增大,而EROD活性没有明显改变．这说明苯并（a）芘致毒对鱼体正常生命活动产生了重大影响,并具有潜在的致癌性．     

一组含氟取代苯化合物土壤吸附系数的QSPR分析

为了研究含氟取代苯化合物的环境行为,测定１４个含氟取代苯化合物的土壤有机碳吸附系数Ｋｏｃ的值,运用正辛醇／水分配系数Ｋｏｗ及分子连接性指数和量子化学参数进行了定量结构－性质相关分析,得到２个回归方程。回归方程表明Ｋｏｗ与分子连接性指数结合可较好地预测含氟取代苯化合物的Ｋｏｃ而量子化学参数的引入证明了极性作用地土壤吸际过程的影响。     

分子拓扑学参数及其在定量结构——活性相关(QSAR)研究中的应用

本文阐述了定量结构—活性相关研究中常用的几个拓扑学参数的定义及其计算方法,对相关数据进行了归纳整理,并通过实例阐述了拓扑学参数在ＱＳＡＲ研究中的重要作用。     

Assessment of Traffic Noise Pollution from 1989 to 2003 in Lanzhou City

On the basis of the continuous traffic noise data observed at 142 sites distributed in 52 roads from 1989 to 2003, the characteristics of traffic noise and effect factors were analyzed through traffic noise indices, such as Lep, L10, L50, L90, TNI, and Pn. Our findings allow us to reach a number of conclusions as follows: Firstly, traffic noise pollution was serious, and its fluctuant characteristic was obvious, resulting in a great intrusion to public in Lanzhou City during last 15 years. Secondly, traffic noise made a distinction between trunk lines and secondary lines, west-east direction roads and north-south direction roads. Thirdly, spatial character and time rule of traffic noise were obvious. In addition, traffic volume, traffic composition, road condition, and traffic management were identified as the key factors influencing traffic noise in this city.     

微孔分子筛的合成及其去除水中氨氮的实验研究

以廉价的天然矿物岩石作为主要原料,采用水热晶化法合成了微孔分子筛。分子筛有效孔径约为0.9 nm,BET比表面积583m2/g,阳离子交换容量(CEC)316 meq/100 g。将其用于水体中氨氮的去除,实验结果表明,分子筛对氨氮的吸附速率较快,吸附时间为20 min时,吸附基本达饱和;分子筛对氨氮的最大吸附量可达11.6 mg/g,其吸附规律很好地符合Fruendlich吸附等温式;在有干扰离子如Ca2+、Mg2+、Al3+和Fe3+等存在的情况下,仍能优先选择吸附NH4+,且吸附率几乎没有变化。动态吸附柱实验的效果好于静态实验,出水12 h内去除率均>85％;饱和了氨氮的分子筛,用氢氧化钠溶液洗脱再生,解吸率达92％,再生后的分子筛与原分子筛相比吸附率几乎没有降低。     

土壤腐殖酸SDS-凝胶分级及表观分子量的测定

用SDS-凝胶电泳技术对落叶林土壤提取出的腐殖酸进行分级,并应用凝胶层析分析技术测定腐殖酸各组分的连续分布特征及表观分子量,分子量分别为M=77678,M=49923,M=32085和M=16531.结果表明凝胶电泳和凝胶层析这两种技术可以相互补充,能更好地了解腐殖酸类大分子物质分子量的分布情况.     

高锰酸盐预氧化对后续生物活性炭工艺去除有机物的影响

通过测定有机物相对分子质量分布与活性炭上有机物和无机盐沉积情况,分析了高锰酸盐预氧化对后续生物活性炭工艺去除有机物的影响规律.实验结果表明,相对分子质量小于3×10³的有机物是BDOC的主要组成部分;高锰酸盐预氧化强化混凝工艺对大分子有机物(相对分子质量10×10³至0.45μm)去除的同时,使小分子有机物(0～3×10³)的含量增加,提高了活性炭进水的可生化性.与单独BAC工艺对比,高锰酸盐预氧化后使活性炭上沉积的有机物和无机盐含量分别降低了5.0mg·g^-1和4.16 mg·g^-1,减少了活性炭孔径的堵塞,延长了活性炭的使用周期.     

用分子地球化学方法监测青岛海藻中痕量的油品污染

两种海藻采自山东青岛太平角及汇泉角,在研究其化学组成的过程中发现,抽提物饱和烃馏份中的生物标志化合物面貌具有成熟原油的特征,它们的成熟度参数C29甾20S/(20S 20R)值达0.51,细菌生源的藿烷类化合物m/z191的强度,比生源为藻类等有机质的甾烷类化合物m/z217的强度高出约—个数量级,并且存在成岩过程的热演化产物重排甾烷,这些都不是所分析的两种现代生物藻所应具有的生物标志物面貌,而是某一种成熟原油的面貌。经将样品加热模拟实验后,进一步证实山东省青岛太平角及汇泉角的海藻可能已遭现代油品的痕量污染。     

高温下环状五肽构象的分子模拟

运用能量优化和随机动力学模拟了高温下环状五肽的构象,通过能量优化产生粗结构,实现了对此粗结构的随机动力学模拟。结果表明,对本文的研究对象,该模拟方法是高效合理的,该方法提供了一种生物分子结构和功能研究的新思路,模拟结果对从分子水平上揭示高温环境下生物分子的空间结构提供了理论依据,并可应用于生物分子结构和功能的研究中。     

Landscape connectivity: A conservation application of graph theory

We use focal-species analysis to apply a graph-theoretic approach to landscape connectivity in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. In doing so we demonstrate the utility of a mathematical graph as an ecological construct with respect to habitat connectivity. Graph theory is a well established mainstay of information technology and is concerned with highly efficient network flow. It employs fast algorithms and compact data structures that are easily adapted to landscape-level focal species analysis. American mink (Mustela vison) and prothonotary warblers (Protonotaria citrea) share the same habitat but have different dispersal capabilities, and therefore provide interesting comparisons on connections in the landscape. We built graphs using GIS coverages to define habitat patches and determined the functional distance between the patches with least-cost path modeling. Using graph operations concerned with edge and node removal we found that the landscape is fundamentally connected for mink and fundamentally unconnected for prothonotary warblers. The advantage of a graph-theoretic approach over other modeling techniques is that it is a heuristic framework which can be applied with very little data and improved from the initial results. We demonstrate the use of graph theory in a metapopulation context, and suggest that graph theory as applied to conservation biology can provide leverage on applications concerned with landscape connectivity.