Microbial Degradation of the Natural Rubber in Tire Tread Compound by a Strain of Nocardia

Tread compound of truck tires is based primarily on natural rubber or blends of natural rubber (NR) and synthetic polymers in combination with high grade carbon black. When the tread compound is attacked by a strain of Nocardia capable of degrading NR, part of the NR in the compound is mineralized, and part is disintegrated to very small black particles. The small black particles consist of the residual rubber and inorganic fillers. At higher NR content, large and deep cavities are formed on the surface of the pieces of the tread compound after microbial disintegration. At lower content of NR, large but very shallow cavities or very small pits can be seen on the tread surface. During microbial growth on the tread compound, isoprene oligomers with molecular weight of about two thousand are produced. Not only the isoprene oligomers, but also butadiene oligomers are produced during microbial disintegration of the tread compound of NR/synthetic rubber blend.     

废胶粉改性沥青研究与应用现状

随着汽车工业的飞速发展,废旧轮胎已成为一大公害,废旧轮胎资源化利用是解决这一难题的有效途径之一。将废胶粉应用于改性沥青,既可利用废物优化沥青路面,又能减少环境污染。介绍国内外废胶粉改性沥青的应用现状,并对废胶粉改性沥青机理及性能影响因素进行了总结,重点分析了废胶粉改性沥青的储存稳定性问题及其解决办法,指出用废胶粉对沥青进行改性具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

带压作业闸板防喷器胶芯失效机理研究

针对带压作业过程中闸板防喷器胶芯易失效的问题,以现场使用的带压作业闸板防喷器胶芯为研究对象,通过实验确定了橡胶基体的本构关系,利用ABAQUS软件对比研究了4种不同井筒压力对胶芯的疲劳失效与密封失效的影响。结果表明:分析结果与现场应用胶芯的失效位置相符,验证了分析的正确性;胶芯的疲劳失效位置集中在橡胶基体与闸板上下部的4个尖角接触区域,上部区域失效严重;井筒压力的大小影响橡胶基体密封面上的接触应力分布,但对耐磨块密封面上接触应力分布影响不显著。建议在橡胶基体与闸板上下部的4个尖角区域补强以增加胶芯寿命。     

Trapping pheromonal components with silicone rubber tubes: fatty acid secretions in honeybees (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Apis mellifera</Emphasis>)

Summary. We describe the use of pieces of silicone tubing to analyse the mandibular gland components of queen and worker honeybees and show that these compounds can be efficiently trapped on bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) treated pieces of tubing. The use of this technique rather than that of solid phase microextraction (SPME) techniques with commercially available fibres that have been shown to be efficient at sampling secretions from the cuticle of insects, is necessitated by a requirement for collection of large sample numbers in a short space of time or for sampling in the field. The technique may be generalised for use with semiochemicals of low volatility in other insect communciation systems.     

Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Soy Protein Filled Elastomers

Dynamic mechanical properties including temperature effect, stress softening, and Payne effect are studied on the elastomer composites filled with soy protein or carbon black. The comparison of protein composite with well-known carbon black composites provides further insight into the protein composites. The elastomers filled with soy protein aggregates give substantial reinforcement effect when compared with the unfilled elastomers. Approximately 400 times increase in shear elastic modulus was observed when 40% by weight of protein is incorporated into the elastomers. The sample films were cast from the particle dispersion of soy protein isolate and carboxylated styrene–butadiene latex. At the higher temperatures, the shear elastic modulus of soy protein-filled composites does not decrease as much as that of the carbon black-filled composites. The behavior of elastic and loss modulus under the oscillatory strain of different magnitude is similar to that of carbon black reinforced styrene–butadiene rubber. However, carbon black composites show a better recovery behavior after eight cycles of dynamic strain. The reduction of shear elastic modulus with dynamic strain (Payne effect) was compared with Kraus model and the fitting parameter related to the aggregate structure of the soy protein. A reasonable agreement between the theoretical model and experiment was obtained, indicating the Payne effect of the protein-related network structure in the elastomers could also be described by the kinetic agglomeration de-agglomeration mechanism.     

塑料和橡胶类废弃物的热物理特性及焚烧特性的研究

塑料和橡胶类的废弃物是城市垃圾的重要组成。本文在新式焚烧炉中对它们的焚烧特性、污染特性进行了研究。这将有助于进一步优化新型转式焚烧炉，完善低染、低腐蚀、低粘结的废弃物的焚烧工艺。     

球形磁性活性炭制备及对土壤重金属Pb的吸附研究

以废旧汽车轮胎橡胶与城市污水处理厂污泥为原料,采用ZnCl2与H_2SO_4复配活化法,添加黏结剂和Fe_3O_4粉末,在真空管式气氛炉中炭化制备球形磁性活性炭,并测定其物理化学性能。研究球形磁性活性炭添加量、土壤pH值和含水率对球形磁性活性炭吸附重金属Pb的影响。采用火焰法-原子吸收分光光度计测定球形磁性活性炭对Pb的吸附量。结果表明:球形磁性活性炭的比表面积及亚甲基蓝吸附量相比商品活性炭要小,但其抗压强度高,不容易松散,便于回收,酸性官能团总量高,有助于提高球形磁性活性炭的吸附性能和对重金属的亲和力,因此球形磁性活性炭的综合理化性能优于干污泥活性炭和商品活性炭,适合用于土壤中重金属Pb的吸附;随添加量增加,球形磁性活性炭对土壤中Pb的吸附量也增加,当球形磁性活性炭添加质量分数为6%时,达到最优吸附效果;随土壤pH值增加,球形磁性活性炭对土壤中Pb的吸附量也增加,但当pH值超过5时,其吸附量开始下降;当吸附时间达到35 d后,其吸附量基本处于饱和状态;土壤含水率为20%时,吸附达到平衡。在最优工艺参数下,球形磁性活性炭对土壤中Pb的吸附量达到最大,为3.55 mg/g。球形磁性活性炭对土壤中重金属Pb的吸附过程可以用准二级动力学方程较好地解释,而且球形磁性活性炭经过1次再生后用于吸附土壤中Pb时,其吸附量达到2.56 mg/g,再生效率达72.11%,吸附效果良好。     

Deconstructing sustainable rubber production: contesting narratives in rural Sumatra

ABSTRACT

The growing demand for natural rubber is increasingly threatening biodiversity and forest ecosystems. Recently, the French Michelin Group started a cooperation with the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) to establish environmentally and socially sustainable ‘model’ rubber plantations in Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia. The framing of Michelin’s tyre production as ‘eco-friendly’ and their purported ‘sustainable’ rubber cultivation contradict with statements by villagers living around Michelin’s plantation in Jambi Province, Sumatra, who are reporting environmental destruction and land tenure conflicts. Conceptually, we build on political ecology and critical human geography perspectives to identify conflicts and ambiguities related to sustainability claims, deforestation and dispossession. Empirically, we draw on qualitative research in a village affected by the plantation. We confront and deconstruct the discursive framing of sustainable rubber production with our empirical findings. We show how the plantation restricts access to land and instead of providing additional income, is actually limiting development opportunities.     

常温下粉碎废旧轮胎的研究

利用自行开发的研磨机对废旧轮胎进行常温粉碎实验 ,结果表明 :本装置完全适合常温下用废旧轮胎制取胶粉 ,通过改变操作参数可以得到不同粒度的胶粉。为胶粉的制造方法开辟了新的途径     

我国热带地区胶-茶-鸡农林复合系统物质循环研究

以海南省文昌市典型的胶-茶-鸡农林复合模式为研究对象 ,以单作胶园、胶茶间作园为对照 ,采用定量研究与定性分析相结合的方法 ,研究其物质循环规律。结果表明 ,胶-茶-鸡农林复合系统的氮、磷输入、输出量最大 ,系统外物质投入率比另两系统明显减少 ,系统内养分循环量增加 ,因此 ,该系统具有较合理的物质循环结构。