Adaptive Process Control in Rubber Industry

This paper describes the problems and an adaptive solution for process control in rubber industry. We show that the human and economical benefits of an adaptive solution for the approximation of process parameters are very attractive.

The modeling of the industrial problem is done by the means of artificial neural networks. For the example of the extrusion of a rubber profile in tire production our method shows good resuits even using only a few training samples.     

含钴基金属有机框架硅橡胶泡沫阻燃特性研究*

为提高硅橡胶泡沫（SiFs）的阻燃性能,采用溶剂法制备钴基金属有机框架材料（Co-MOFs）并用X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对其结构进行表征。将制备的材料添加到SiFs中,利用极限氧指数（LOI）、UL-94试验和锥形量热仪（CONE）对SiFs的阻燃性能和抑烟性能进行研究。结果表明:添加1%及以上Co-MOFs时,SiFs阻燃等级达到UL-94-V0级;添加3%Co-MOFs时,SiFs的LOI达30.2%,热释放速率峰值（PHRR）和总热释放量（THR）相比原样分别降低了56.92%和66.73%;添加1%Co-MOFs的SiFs的产烟率峰值（PSPR）和产烟量（TSR）比原样分别降低了82%和85%,Co-MOFs提高了SiFs的阻燃和抑烟性能。     

基于平均法的金属橡胶隔振器非线性振动特性研究

目的研究金属橡胶隔振系统的非线性振动特性和机理。方法建立该金属橡胶隔振系统的非线性动力学模型,利用平均法推导出系统的自由振动运动方程和在简谐激励下的受迫振动幅频响应方程,通过数值计算分析影响隔振系统位移传递率的因素。随后设计一种结构紧凑的金属橡胶隔振器,通过静压试验得到加载卸载迟滞回线,利用拟合方法建立金属橡胶的指数型刚度模型。该模型在相同拟合效果下参数较少,将指数型非线性刚度模型代入到振动方程中进行求解,得到理论幅频响应曲线。同时,进行金属橡胶隔振系统的正弦扫频试验,得到不同振动幅值下的实测传递率幅频响应,与理论计算结果进行对比。结果拟合参数与系统的振动特性相关,拟合参数k_(1)越大,系统共振频率越低,拟合参数k_(2)越大,系统共振频率越高。理论计算与试验结果共振频率的误差最大为2.1%,放大倍数最大误差为17.1%。该理论方法可以较为准确地计算出隔振系统的共振频率、共振放大倍数以及非线性振动的跳跃现象。结论该方法可以较为准确地通过金属橡胶隔振器的静压试验数据预估出金属橡胶隔振系统的非线性振动特性,对于金属橡胶隔振设计具有一定的应用价值。     

氟橡胶密封材料热氧老化试验与寿命评估

对氟橡胶密封材料进行了热氧加速老化试验,对老化试验前后材料压缩永久变形量与红外光谱进行了分析,结果表明,老化引起材料内部的分子结构变化。建立了该材料在贮存温度下的压缩永久变形与贮存时间的老化动力学方程,预测了25℃下氟橡胶密封材料的贮存寿命,结果表明,氟橡胶在热氧条件下,失效机理为分子断裂和交联;非正常老化因素引起的变形对氟橡胶密封圈的性能影响很大;氟橡胶密封件在25℃下的贮存寿命为13.8 a。     

某型直升机主减速器橡胶密封圈老化机理分析

目的揭示某型直升机主减速器橡胶密封圈的老化机理。方法根据直升机主减速器橡胶密封圈正常使用和库存环境条件,采用加速老化试验方法模拟橡胶密封圈在库存条件下的老化历程,采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、热重分析(TG/TGA)等方法对加速老化后的橡胶密封圈理化性能进行测试,并选取某型主减速器库存13年的橡胶密封圈及大修拆下的橡胶密封圈进行相关测试。结果 FX-4和FX-17密封胶圈在热空气老化试验过程中聚合物基团变化一致,F元素和O元素的电子结合能几乎没有变化。结论老化前后橡胶中各键的化学结构没有发生明显变化,FX-17胶料的耐温性略好于FX-4胶料。     

Potential application of recycled rubber in oil pollution control

The abundance and indiscriminate disposal of scrap tyres inurban areas in Nigeria create serious health and environmentalproblems. The potential of using rubber recycled from scraptyres as an absorbent in crude oil clean up was investigated.Rubber particles of mesh sizes within the range of 0.15 to2.36 mm were used to absorb crude oil at different temperatures(5 to 40 °C). The rapid increase in oil absorption withinthe first 20 min was followed by a much slower rate, with theequilibrium absorption being attained after 30 min. Theequilibrium absorption increased with decreasing particle sizeand decreasing temperature of absorption. At 30 °C, the oil absorption for the 0.15 mm rubber particles was more than twice that of the 2.36 mm particle size. When regenerated recycledrubber was used, the equilibrium absorption decreased by about15–40%. The extent of reduction was higher for the largerparticles and at lower temperature of absorption.     

厌氧-好氧(SBR)工艺治理天然橡胶生产废水工程实例

天然橡胶生产废水经三级厌氧-一级好氧(SBR)工艺治理后,可去除>97.7%的CODCr,废水水质可达到污水综合排放二级标淮.结果显示,本文中所描述的工艺是天然橡胶生产废水治理中的一种技术可行、效果稳定的工艺.     

地基-基础隔震系统整体地震响应有限元分析

近几十年来,基础隔震技术逐渐被重视,得到了广泛的应用,并被纳入国家建筑抗震设计规范。但是在传统的理论分析中,对于基础隔震结构往往忽视土-结构动力相互作用对其隔震效果的影响。即使考虑地基的影响,也大都是采用弹簧和阻尼器(地基动刚度)代替。笔者运用ANSYS软件的二次开发功能,提出将结构、隔震层和地基结合起来作为一个完整系统分析,并对一叠层橡胶基础隔震7层钢筋混凝土框架结构在考虑土-结相互作用情况下,进行了整体地震响应有限元计算、比较、分析。结果表明进行地基-基础隔震系统整体地震响应有限元分析是完全可行的而且是必要的。     

Scrap tires to crumb rubber: feasibility analysis for processing facilities

Crumb rubber can be produced from scrap tires in a wide range of particle sizes and quality levels. Ideally, the revenue stream includes tipping fees paid to receive the raw materials; sales of variously-sized crumb products to different end-user markets; and potential sales of scrap metal and fiber contained within the tires. General demand has been increasing, and submarkets for crumb products are growing in size and variety. However, the optimistic expectations of potential investors and government agencies contrast sharply with the experiences of many current and former producers. Production planning and operation is complex, real-dollar crumb prices have fallen, and many producers recount difficulties finding stable markets and competing against newer, state-subsidized competitors. This paper examines the engineering economics of crumb rubber facilities. Following a literature review and interviews with producers, a financial model of a nominal processing operation was created to aid the analysis of different market, crumb size, and production scenarios. The profitability of a crumb facility appears to be particularly sensitive to crumb rubber prices, operating costs, and raw material availability. Better analysis of market and production impacts on financial viability for proposed processing facilities would aid overall market efficiency.     

铁路连续梁桥铅芯橡胶支座的减隔震研究

考虑了铅芯橡胶支座的非线性特性和桥梁结构的相互影响 ,并在建立有限元铁路连续梁桥全桥动力分析模型的基础上 ,采用了时程分析的方法 ,对不同地震输入激励条件下的铁路连续隔震桥梁的动力响应及参数影响规律 ,进行了计算研究 ,取得了一些有实用价值的结果 ,为铁路连续梁桥的减隔震设计 ,提高桥梁结构的抗震安全性提供了科学依据和重要参考。