资源枯竭型城市增长边界划定研究——以淮北市为例

城市增长边界是对城市空间增长管理的重要技术和政策之一,对于资源枯竭型城市的可持续发展也具有重要意义。依据资源枯竭型城市的特点,选取了自然因素和人为因素对淮北市城市生态适宜性进行评价;以城市扩张内部动力为基础,从土地利用类型转变的概率角度出发,引入8种空间变量因素建立逻辑回归的元胞自动机模型,其次,辅助近期建设规划,再综合考虑淮北市自然和行政边界线等合理划定城市增长边界。结果表明：1）在生态适宜性高、中、低三种水平下,用地规模逐步上升,分别为：127.90、203.77和590.00 km²;2）依据元胞自动机模拟得到城市扩展用地有效面积为203.45 km²,占研究区面积的22.07%;3）最终得到研究区城市增长边界面积为259.43 km²,占研究区面积的28.15%。研究既明确了区域生态资源的保护范围,又综合考虑了城市的空间拓展方向,不仅可以保护生态空间,而且有利于有序引导城市空间发展,是实现资源枯竭型城市转型和精明增长双赢的重要途径。     

西南国际河流水资源状态及开发中的问题

西南国际河流流域地形复杂、海拔高、人口稀少,人均水资源量丰富,出境水量大,水质好,目前开发利用程度低,具有广阔的开发利用前景。但随着我国加入WTO,经济和社会发展融入国际的步伐加快,对国际河流的开发和利用也必然要按照国际法或国际惯例。首先对西南国际河流水资源的自然状态,我国在各自流域中的地位、开发利用状态以及存在的问题进行了论述;然后讨论国际河流开发中应注意的问题和准则;最后,根据可持续发展的原则和各个河流的特点,提出建议：应该充分认识到我国西南国际河流地区生态环境脆弱和社会经济发展水平较低的状态,今后应以水资源保护为主,优先发展航运和旅游业,合理开发水能资源。同时应积极参与国际合作与交流,与相关国家共同开发流域水资源,促进流域经济社会的可持续发展。     

Overview of waste disposal and landfills/dumps in Asian countries

Many cities in developing Asian countries face serious problems in managing solid wastes. The annual waste generation increases in proportion to the rises in population and urbanization. Asian countries with greater rural populations produce more organic waste, such as kitchen wastes, and fewer recyclable items, such as paper, metals, and plastics. Reliable data on solid waste compositions are difficult to obtain, and even if available, they are often not updated. We report the most recent waste composition data in some developing Asian countries. We suggest that a better classification system for landfills is needed to address inconsistencies in data for sanitary landfill sites versus waste dumps. We also discuss the information on waste disposal trends and problems associated with general solid waste management in developing Asian countries.     

中国城市综合减灾的未来学研究

本文从国内外大城市频发的事故灾害现状入手,扼要地探讨了有中国特色的2020年中国城市发展的综合减灾战略研究的框架思路,希望对国家"十一五"城市安全计划的研究制定有所借鉴和启发.     

基于流域系统的暴雨径流型灾害链--以湖南省为例

暴雨径流是一种最普遍、最活跃、最敏感的致灾因子,在其形成过程中易诱发灾害链.根据灾害系统理论和暴雨径流形成规律,系统研究了湖南省江湖流域暴雨径流型灾害链,结果表明:(1)湖南省特定的自然环境助长了暴雨径流型致灾因子链的形成与发展;(2)从类型上讲,可分为四水流域山丘区坡面汇流型致灾因子链、四水河网洪水汇合型致灾因子链和洞庭湖区洪水组合型致灾因子链;(3)从灾害性质与特性上看,除了具有一般的社会属性和自然属性外,还具有显著的关联性、互生性和放大性;(4)从致灾能量上看,当各级致灾因子的实际致灾能量一定时,各承灾体抗灾阈能总量越小,致灾因子链的有效致灾能总量越大;(5)从灾情上看,灾情表现的形式多,承灾体损失价值量的累积值巨大.     

Smart city data architecture for energy prosumption in municipalities: concepts,requirements, and future directions

ABSTRACT

Big data is gaining visibility and importance, and its use is attaining higher levels of influence within municipalities. Due to this proliferation smart cities are posed to deploy architectures toward managing energy for Electric Vehicles (EV) and orchestrate the production, consumption, and distributing of energy from renewable sources such as solar, wind etc. in communities also known as prosumption. In smart city domain, Enterprise Architecture (EA) can be employed to facilitate alignment between municipality goals and the direction of the city in relation to Information Technology (IT) that supports stakeholders within the city. Hence, the alignment between IT and goals of the city is a critical process to support the continued growth and improvement of city services and energy sustainability. However, despite several research effort focused on data architecture in smart city, there have been few studies aimed at exploring how EA can be applied in smart cities to support residential buildings and EV for energy prosumption in municipalities. Therefore, this study conducts an extensive review and develops an architecture that can be employed in smart city domain based on big data management for energy prosumption in residential buildings and EV. Furthermore, secondary data was employed to present a case study to show the applications of the developed architecture in promoting energy prosumption. Findings suggest that the architecture provides interoperable open real-time, online, and historical data in facilitating energy prosumption. Respectively, this study offers exchange of data for sharing energy resources and provides insights to improve energy prosumption services.     

调整产业结构,保护四川省境内的黄河流域区生态环境

四川境内的黄河流域区为一个高寒牧业区,单纯的牧业经济给区域的生态环境造成了很大破坏,特别是草场退化、沙化、沼泽干涸,致使区域内水源涵养功能及其它生态功能的下降,危及黄河流域及国家的生态安全。因此,必须调整区域的产业结构,改变单一的牧业经济,减轻对生态系统的压力。产业结构调整的关键在于提高草地畜牧业经济的“质” 而非“量”;一方面应加强牲畜优良品种的培育和推广,使牲畜的肉、皮、毛、绒、骨等经济价值得以高质量。高效益地转化;另一方面,要立体开发草原经济,实行多业并举,使区域经济与生态环境保护协调发展。     

西藏八一镇-邛多江公路沙害成因与治理

八一镇-邛多江公路是西藏东南部的重要国防交通线,也是藏东公路南环线的主要环节,在全长438km里程中约有400km穿行于雅鲁藏布江河谷.公路自1972年投入运营以来,因雅鲁藏布江两岸的河流相沙质沉积物和河谷风场的综合作用,导致风沙活动十分活跃,沙害路段多达25处,严重阻碍了公路的畅通.对公路两侧固定沙丘研究发现,风沙活动最晚始于约3万年前,目前的沙害是公路选线欠合理,以及施工破坏边坡和植被情况下风沙再次活跃的结果.为了有利于实施治理工程,依据沙害路段所处的地貌位置、形成沙害的沙源和风场特征,将公路沙害划分为边滩沙源型、阶地沙源型和滑塌沙源型3类.通过对典型沙害路段治理试验研究,确定治理工程体系以乔、灌木为主体,适当增加草本植物,辅之以阻沙、固沙和导沙3种应急性机械措施.     

渭河流域严重洪涝灾害环流形势演变特征

简述了渭河流域的地理分布;论述了该流域洪水灾害的时间分布;分析了渭河流域洪水灾害的环流形势演变特征.     

矿业城市环境灾害演变规律浅析

本文对矿业城市环境灾害的分类、特点及环境灾害系统进行了介绍，分析了矿业城市环境灾害的演变规律，从而为矿业城市环境灾害的预防工作奠定了基础。