北京市公园土壤铜、铅含量及化学形态分布特征

对北京市的12个公园进行表层、深层土壤样品的重金属Cu、Pb含量分析,并对其中10个公园的表层、深层土壤样品进行Cu、Pb的化学形态分析。研究结果表明:北京市部分公园的深层土壤已在某种程度上受到人为扰动,大多数公园表层土壤中存在着一定的Cu、Pb含量积累现象,总体上市区公园比郊区公园明显。公园表层、深层土壤中Cu形态分布的总体规律均为残渣晶格态>有机结合态>铁锰氧化物结合态>碳酸盐结合态>可交换态,表层、深层土壤中Pb形态分布的总体规律均为残渣晶格态>铁锰氧化物结合态>有机结合态>碳酸盐结合态>可交换态,但表层土壤中活性态Cu、Pb的平均比例较深层土壤均有所上升,部分市区公园表层土壤中Cu、Pb的含量较高且活性态比例较大,具有一定的释放潜力和生物有效性。     

Adsorption and correlation with their thermodynamic properties of triazine herbicides on soils

IntroductionAdsorptionofherbicidesonsoilfromwaterisanimportantfactoraffectingtheirfate,biologicalactivity,andpersistenceinsoil watersystem .Itisoftenaffectedbyseveralpropertiesofsoil.Betterunderstandingofadsorptionanditsaffectingfactorswillmakeitpossibletoadjusttheherbicidedosageaccordingtosoilproperties,thusreducingtheenvironmentalpollutionofherbicidesintheenvironment.Fig .1　StructuresofthreetriazineherbicidesAmongthepost emergentherbicides,triazineherbicidesaremostcommonlyusedworldwideonco…     

印尼8.7级和8.5级强震后江苏体应变同震效应分析

2004年12月26日和2005年3月29日在印尼苏门答腊北部分别发生8.7级和8.5级强烈地震后,对江苏地区前兆体应变资料进行分析发现,在这两次地震的震后都记录到了显著的异常,且异常的表现形式各不相同。本文列出这些异常并浅析,以期对进一步深入研究印尼大震对我国未来地震趋势的影响有所帮助。     

煤矿区表层土壤中芳香烃组成、分布特征及标志化合物研究

采用GC-MS技术分析了平顶山市石龙区土壤样品中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染物的化学组成及分布特征,共鉴定出78种代表性化合物,包括11种US EPA优控PAHs.结果表明,总体上土壤样品中单体烃菲、荧蒽、芴、芘含量比较高.在不同功能区域芳烃含量差别较大,采矿区及焦化厂区土壤中芳烃含量明显高于污灌区和农业区,而煤矸石山附近土壤中芳烃含量最高.采矿区、焦化厂区和污灌区土壤中低环数PAHs的比例远大于高环数PAHs,农业区反之.通过对(ρ)MP/(ρ)P、MPI1、(ρ)P/(ρ)A、(ρ)FL/(ρ)PY等参数值的分析认为,煤尘、烟灰沉降是石龙区土壤中PAHs积累的主要影响因素.由单体烃与PAHs的相关性分析得知,苊和蒽可作为煤矿区域表层土壤中PAHs的标志性污染物.     

Community response to hazard information

The impact of flood hazard information on public acceptance of a selected flood mitigation strategy was assessed by an analysis of the content of newspaper reports of community reaction and letters to the editor. The impact of personal delivery of a flood hazard map on individual perception of risk and attitude to such information was assessed using personal interviews. The results indicated that media coverage of the flood hazard information reduced public criticism of the works. This result must be partially attributable to the dramatic style of media coverage and the fact that the media only emphasized the positive value of the works. The interview demonstrated that personal delivery of the information raised perception of risk, improved comprehension of flood risk, had no impact on acceptability of risk but discouraged some respondents from seeking such information in the future. Factors to explain the last negative change were identified to be the format of the map sheet and low salience of flood hazard. On the basis of all results, methods to improve community response to hazard information are provided.     

对高校扩招有关问题的思考

高等院校扩大招生,满足了广大群众迫切希望接受高等教育的愿望,满足了社会对各种高级专门人才日益增长的需求。伴随着连续的扩招,在高教界普遍出现了基础设施不足,教育质量受到影响的现象,本文针对这一问题进行分析与探讨,并提出了改进的建议。     

Implications of Land Use Changes on Carbon Dynamics and Sequestration—Evaluation from Forestry Datasets, India

Forests and soils are a major sink of carbon, and land use changes can affect the magnitude of above ground and below ground carbon stores and the net flux of carbon between the land and the atmosphere. Studies on methods for examining the future consequences of changes in patterns of land use change and carbon flux gains importance, as they provide different options for CO₂ mitigation strategies. In this study, a simulation approach combining Markov chain processes and carbon pools for forests and soils has been implemented to study the carbon flows over a period of time. Markov chains have been computed by converting the land use change and forestry data of India from 1997 to 1999 into a matrix of conditional probabilities reflecting the changes from one class at time t to another class time t+1. Results from Markov modeling suggested Indian forests as a potential sink for 0.94 Gt carbon, with an increase in dense forest area of about 75.93 Mha and decrease of about 3.4 Mha and 5.0 Mha in open and scrub forests, if similar land use changes that occurred during 1997–1999 would continue. The limiting probabilities suggested 34.27 percent as dense forest, 6.90 as open forest, 0.4 percent mangrove forest, 0.1 percent scrub and 58 percent as non-forest area. Although Indian forests are found to be a potential carbon sink, analysis of results from transition probabilities for different years till 2050 suggests that, the forests will continue to be a source of about 20.59 MtC to the atmosphere. The implications of these results in the context of increasing anthropogenic pressure on open and scrub forests and their contribution to carbon source from land use change and forestry sector are discussed. Some of the mitigation aspects to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from land use change and forestry sector in India are also reviewed in the study.     

无线数据传输技术在列车安全监控系统中的应用

笔者将GSM网的无线数据传输技术成功应用到列车安全监控系统中 ,系统监测数据经转储发送系统中转 ,由移动台系统实时、无线传输到基站微机系统 ,通过VC ++语言编制的软件系统实时统计分析数据 ,来监控列车运行状况 ,达到列车安全运行的目标。在列车安全监控系统中 ,不仅实现了数据无线实时传输 ,而且提高了工作效率和减轻了工作强度。在济南铁路局装车试验并广泛使用 ,表明了无线数据传输技术应用到列车安全监控系统中具有较高的可靠性和实用性     

山区高速公路挖方边坡的稳定性评价与安全防护技术

山区高速公路挖方边坡的稳定性对道路交通安全具有重要影响 ,阐述了进行挖方边坡的稳定性评价和安全防护的必要性 ,提出了评价原则、工作程序、评价方法及系列安全防护技术。得出了关于山区高速公路挖方边坡的稳定性评价和安全防护的几点认识。     

我国非煤矿山安全生产的差距

从我国非煤矿山安全生产立法、安全生产管理体制、监察执法、群众监督、宣传教育、科研、矿山企业等方面与国外矿业进行了对比分析，分析了我国非煤矿山存在的问题以及与国外的差距，最后分析了产生问题与差距的原因。