POTENTIAL,ACTUAL, AND EQUILIBRIUM EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN A WHEAT FIELD 1

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the relationship between both potential (E*) and nonpotential evapotranspiration and equilibrium evapotranspiration (EQ) in an irrigated wheat field in southcentral Alberta, Canada. The control exercised by surface wetness and root reservoir moisture content in determining the value of the Priestley-Taylor constant a is explored. Also investigated is the relationship between a and the vapor flux fraction ET/(R-G) where ET is the actual evapotranspiration, R the net radiation, and G the soil heat flux. It is shown that evapotranspiration occurred at the potential rate (E*) when the available soil moisture (ASM) within the root zone was ≥3 percent. a varied from 0.84 for a dry soil to 1.49 for a saturated soil. The mean a for E* was 1.24. Surface wetness sustained evapotranspiration at the potential rate when such wetting exceeded 2mm d^?1 following a period of prolonged drawdown of soil moisture, α and ET/(R-G) were positively correlated and this correlation strengthened with increasing soil moisture for constant values of the energy partitioning factor s+γ/s where s is the slope of the saturation humidity-temperature curve and γ is the psychrometric constant. ET=EQ when ETI(R-G) lay within the range of 0.59 to 0.82 corresponding to Bowen ratio (β) values of 0.22 and 0.69, respectively.     

MISSOURI RIVER FLOOD OF 1993: ROLE OF WOODY CORRIDOR WIDTH IN LEVEE PROTECTION1

ABSTRACT. We investigated the relationships between levee damage and woody corridor along a 353‐mile segment of the Missouri River in Missouri during the flood of 1993. Results indicated that woody corridors between riverbanks and primary levees played a significant role in the reduction or prevention of flood related damage to levees. Forty‐one percent of levee failures in this segment occurred in areas with no woody corridor, while 74 percent and 83 percent of failures occurred where woody corridor widths were less than 300 feet and less than 500 feet, respectively. Median failure lengths with a woody corridor present were 50.3 percent shorter than median failure lengths with no woody corridor present. Levees without failures had significantly wider median woody corridor widths than levees that failed. Eligibility for the Corps of Engineers levee maintenance program was not a significant factor in the reduction of levee damage. Discontinuities in woody corridors played a role in 27.5 percent of the levee failures in the study segment. Smaller segments of the river valley were studied to determine if geomorphic differences influenced variations in the protective value of woody corridors.     

城市绿化规划研究初探--以长沙市雨花区为例

城市绿化规划是城市生态规划的基本内容。本文以长沙市雨花区为例，运用景观生态学原理，分析了城市绿地系统建设存在的问题，提出了城市生态绿地系统规划的基本内容和生态对策，可为一些城市的生态建设提供参考依据。     

Target and nontarget discrimination of herbicides applied to vegetation in a power-line corridor

We tested two cutting regimens (cut/spray and cut/delay spray) and four radiarc-applied herbicides (Garlon + Tordon, Accord, Accord + Escort, and Krenite) in an Ohio power-line corridor to determine which management combination best eliminated target species (i.e., trees) and preserved nontarget species (i.e., low shrubs, vines, perennial herbs, and grasses). When spraying was delayed after cutting, the herbicide with the least impact on nontarget species (Krenite) also was least efficient at killing target trees. Spraying soon after cutting improved tree-killing efficiency of several herbicides, but it also increased the negative impact on nontarget species. The herbicide with the most consistent tree-killing ability (Accord + Escort) had the most impact on nontarget species. Because none of the herbicide/cutting treatments performed ideally, resource managers must decide the acceptable impact on nontarget species when considering herbicide use. Future success of herbicides as part of an integrated succession management approach requires more selective application methods and formulations so that target effects can be maximized and nontarget effects can be minimized.     

近10年长三角城际运输联系初步研究

通过对长三角地区1994—2003年各个城市客运量、货运量的分析,总结出近10年来该区域城际运输联系的基本特征。长三角客运量向交通轴线集中,交通走廊经济效应日益突现,货运量多中心分布,极化效应明显。长三角地区经济的快速发展是城际运输联系增强的推进器,区内交通轴线成为重要经济增长轴,南翼浙江借助于港口优势,其经济高速发展态势直逼北翼的苏南地区。     

油气回收技术研究

对不同的油气回收技术进行了分析比较。分析了冷凝法、吸收法、吸附法、膜分离法对油气回收的优缺点。及回收效果影响因素。认为油气回收装置的应用将为石化企业带来明显的社会、环境效益及经济效益。     

利用气相平衡管原理控制有机污染物的无组织排放

挥发性有机物的无组织排放是一个难以控制的污染源,在常温常压下的一些有机物储罐可采用气相平衡原理设置气相平衡管,使呼吸尾气形成闭路循环,利用罐体进、出料过程中内压变化特点,使得逸出的气相有机物在闭路中循环,实例证明,该方法对控制有机物元组织排放有着很好的效果,且该方法;简单易行,适合条件适宜的单位使用。     

川渝地区夏季降水异常水汽输送差异

利用川渝地区1960—2006年34站逐月降水量资料和美国NCEP/NCAR同期逐月风场、比湿场和地面气压场资料,网格距2.5°×2.5°,采用EOF分解、区域降水指数、合成分析等方法,详细讨论了川渝地区夏季降水量多、少雨年水汽通量的纬向、经向、整层输送及水汽通量散度的差异。川渝地区夏季降水量标准化距平EOF分解结果表明把川渝地区夏季降水量作为一个整体来分析是合理的。区域降水量指数能很好地揭示出川渝地区夏季降水量的多寡。合成分析表明川渝地区夏季降水量多、少雨年水汽输送通量的纬向、经向、整层输送及水汽通量散度存在着明显差异,多雨年孟加拉湾、南海、西太平洋的水汽输送通量显著增强,水汽输送通量辐合比少雨年显著增强,为川渝地区夏季降水提供了丰沛的水汽条件,有利于川渝地区夏季降水量的异常偏多;少雨年则反之。     

土壤气相抽提影响半径及透气率现场试验

土壤气相抽提技术(SVE)可有效去除非饱和土壤中的挥发性有机污染物。土壤透气率及气相抽提的影响半径是进行SVE系统设计的重要参数,可通过多种方法取得。文章通过在北京市某焦化厂进行SVE现场试验,监测系统运行的土壤气相压力变化,求取土壤透气率及抽气影响半径。监测结果表明:SVE系统运行后,土壤中气相压力降最初不断增大,可...     

加油站油气排放处理装置的研发与应用

通过对国内外加油站油气排放处理工艺方法调研,结合国内加油站实际情况,进行膜组件筛选、实验室测试、工业化测试,完成了带净化器的膜式冷凝加油站油气排放处理装置的研发,在北京15座加油站应用效果较好。