道家的“自然无为”思想与我国非煤矿山安全制度管理

针对目前我国非煤矿山在安全制度管理过程中常常出现刚性有余而柔性不足的缺陷,总结出非煤矿山在制订、执行和完善安全制度中存在的问题主要表现在安全制度的制订与实际符合度不高、安全制度的执行过程重形式轻实践、对安全制度的完善重视度不够3个方面。引入道家"自然无为"思想,分析了"自然无为"思想对安全制度的制订、执行和完善3个阶段的影响。提出在安全制度的制订时注重"道法自然";在安全制度的执行时强调"三和"观;在安全制度的完善时注重"顺道而为"。将道家"自然无为"思想与安全制度管理相融合,能有效增强安全制度管理的"人情味",使其更好地发挥基础保障作用。     

城市电力供应系统公共安全风险评估体系及应用

城市电力供应系统与城市公共安全关系紧密，文章分析了导致城市电力供应系统故障或事故的主要风险因素、事故类型及其风险程度，建立了城市电力供应系统公共安全风险评估体系。利用建立的风险评估体系，对某市电力供应系统的安全性进行了风险评估，同时验证了该体系在城市电力供应系统风险评估中的良好适用性。     

Drivers of Seabird Population Recovery on New Zealand Islands after Predator Eradication

Eradication of introduced mammalian predators from islands has become increasingly common, with over 800 successful projects around the world. Historically, introduced predators extirpated or reduced the size of many seabird populations, changing the dynamics of entire island ecosystems. Although the primary outcome of many eradication projects is the restoration of affected seabird populations, natural population responses are rarely documented and mechanisms are poorly understood. We used a generic model of seabird colony growth to identify key predictor variables relevant to recovery or recolonization. We used generalized linear mixed models to test the importance of these variables in driving seabird population responses after predator eradication on islands around New Zealand. The most influential variable affecting recolonization of seabirds around New Zealand was the distance to a source population, with few cases of recolonization without a source population ≤25 km away. Colony growth was most affected by metapopulation status; there was little colony growth in species with a declining status. These characteristics may facilitate the prioritization of newly predator‐free islands for active management. Although we found some evidence documenting natural recovery, generally this topic was understudied. Our results suggest that in order to guide management strategies, more effort should be allocated to monitoring wildlife response after eradication. Conductores de la Recuperación de Poblaciones de Aves Marinas en Islas de Nueva Zelanda después de la Erradicación de Depredadores     

Effects of payments for ecosystem services on wildlife habitat recovery

Conflicts between local people's livelihoods and conservation have led to many unsuccessful conservation efforts and have stimulated debates on policies that might simultaneously promote sustainable management of protected areas and improve the living conditions of local people. Many government‐sponsored payments‐for‐ecosystem‐services (PES) schemes have been implemented around the world. However, few empirical assessments of their effectiveness have been conducted, and even fewer assessments have directly measured their effects on ecosystem services. We conducted an empirical and spatially explicit assessment of the conservation effectiveness of one of the world's largest PES programs through the use of a long‐term empirical data set, a satellite‐based habitat model, and spatial autoregressive analyses on direct measures of change in an ecosystem service (i.e., the provision of wildlife species habitat). Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) habitat improved in Wolong Nature Reserve of China after the implementation of the Natural Forest Conservation Program. The improvement was more pronounced in areas monitored by local residents than those monitored by the local government, but only when a higher payment was provided. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of a PES program depends on who receives the payment and on whether the payment provides sufficient incentives. As engagement of local residents has not been incorporated in many conservation strategies elsewhere in China or around the world, our results also suggest that using an incentive‐based strategy as a complement to command‐and‐control, community‐ and norm‐based strategies may help achieve greater conservation effectiveness and provide a potential solution for the park versus people conflict.     

危险废物交易信息化体系建设初探

分析了我国目前实施危险废物交易的意义和必要性及危险废物交易现状,提出在危险废物交易还处于市场化运行的初级阶段,引入信息化技术,为危险废物交易同时提供监管和市场化平台,建立健全配套的管理制度和办法,是实现危险废物的循环利用和经济可持续发展的有效途径之一。     

车辆加载减速法技术防弊措施分析研究

加载减速法（LugDown）排气检测用底盘测功机模拟柴油车在行驶道路上的高负荷运行状况,对整车性能、特别是机械与安全性能要求高,且面对复杂的社会关系与经济诱惑,难免会出现操作不规范或作弊情况.监管部门应结合LugDown法原理与特点,通过分析检测过程质控节点、作弊与不规范操作特征等,针对性地制定技术控制措施以促进设备控制性能的改进与完善,并用机动车排放监督管理系统和视频实现防作弊控制,就能有效规范LugDown法操作行为.     

对应RoHS指令的体制提案

本文提出了对应RoHS的体制提案,供参考.     

盐效萃取法从电子产品清洗废液中回收异丙醇

用盐效萃取法从电子产品清洗废液中回收片丙醇,考察了碳酸钾水溶液与该清洗废液的质量比对脱水率的影响,测定了异丙醇-水-碳酸钾体系存40℃时的液液相平衡数据,用Pitzer理论和NRTL方程对液液相平衡数据进行了理论计算。结果表明：当质量分数为60．00％的碳酸钾水溶液与该废液的质晕比为2．00时,脱水率高达90．00％;将有机相进行精馏可得到质量分数为99．50％的异丙醇;计算值与实测值接近,水相和有机相的绝对平均偏差分别为0．62％和0．46％。     

红壤稻田系统有机物循环再利用潜力及增产作用

10年田间试验结果表明：红墩妥田系统有机养分循环再利用潜力大，水稻收获，年均从稻田系统中输出NPK的总量最大可达到224.7,53.0和271.4kg/hm^2，有机物循环再利用，年均可归N，P，K量最大分别为115.1,35.8和231.5kg/hm^2，占系统输总量的51.2%,67.5%g和85.3%，保持稻田系统内有机物循环再利用可提高系统生产力，在不施化肥的情况下，增产3056kg/hm^2，增施N肥，增产2753kg/hm^2，增施N，P肥，增产1543kg/hm^2；NPK配合，增产984kg/hm^2；有机物循环再利用还可增强稻田系统的稳产性能，降低稻谷产量的年际变异系数；有机物循环再利用对水稻的增产有着明显的残效叠加作用，在施用N，P，K化肥基础上圾机物养分循环再利用水稻增产率在试验期间的前5年为7．2％，后5年平均为9．4％。     

综合资源立法是资源可持续利用的法律保证

资源的有效保护和永续利用在我国可持续发展战略中占有十分重要的地位。本文分析了我国资源法制建设中存在的问题，阐述了综合资源立法在资源法制建设体系中的意义。