Growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant responses of two microalgal species, Chlorella vulgaris and Selenastrum capricornutum, to nonylphenol stress

The effect of nonylphenol (NP) on growth, photochemistry and biochemistry of two green microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris and Selenanstrum capricornutum, and their ability to degrade NP were compared. The 96 h EC₅₀ of C. vulgaris and S. capricornutum were greater than 4.0 and 1.0 mg L⁻¹ NP, respectively, suggesting that the former species was more tolerant to NP. Both microalgae acclimated to NP stress through down-regulating their photosynthetic activities, including antenna size (chlorophyll a content), maximal photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and the light absorbed by PSII (ABS/CS₀), but the dissipation of energy from reaction centres (DI₀/RC) increased with the increase of NP concentrations. In C. vulgaris, the changes of these parameters were more significant than in S. capricornutum and recovered completely after a 96 h exposure. The antioxidant responses, such as GSH content, CAT and POD activities in C. vulgaris increased with the increase of NP concentrations after a 24 h exposure, but these changes disappeared with exposure time and recovered to the control levels after 96 h. In S. capricornutum, although GSH content, CAT and POD activities also increased when exposed to low- to moderate-NP concentrations, these values were significantly reduced at a high concentration (4 mg L⁻¹) even after a 96 h exposure, indicating its antioxidant responses were significantly delayed. It is clear that the more NP-tolerant species, C. vulgaris, acclimated better with a faster recovery of its photosynthetic activity from the NP-induced damage, and exhibited more efficient and rapid responses to NP-induced oxidative stress. C. vulgaris also had a higher NP degradation ability than S. capricornutum.     

煤矿安全预评价的可变模糊识别方法

煤矿安全预评价涉及诸多不确定信息,用传统评价方法难以获得可靠的评价结果。为此,将可变模糊模式识别模型与方法引入煤矿安全领域,提出了煤矿安全预评价的可变模糊识别方法。可变模糊识别方法首先根据指标特征值与指标标准特征值矩阵确定样本的级别上下限,然后利用可变模糊模式识别模型对样本进行识别,得到样本在各级别下的相对隶属度,进而计算级别特征值,并以此为依据进行评价。将该方法应用于黄陵双龙煤矿,得出该矿井的安全等级。结果表明:可变模糊识别方法较文献中方法可更准确地给出安全性等级评价结果,为煤矿安全预评价提供一条新的途径。     

跨河道桥工程防洪风险管理体系研究

针对目前我国河道管理的现状，在原有防洪影响评价的基础上，综合运用广义结构可靠性原理及多种相关学科理论，提出了跨河道桥工程防洪风险的评价理念，建立了跨河道桥工程防洪风险的评价指标体系和管理体系，并结合工程实例验证了方法体系的适用性与可靠性。     

变速循环流化床烟气脱硫实验和机理分析

以循环流化床原理为基础,在变速循环流化床试验台上进行了烟气脱硫小试研究． 烟气流量为５００ｍ³／ｈ 时,气体在脱硫系统中的理论停留时间为３．２ｓ． 用干消化石灰得到的熟石灰粉末作为脱硫剂,在Ｃａ／Ｓ摩尔比为１．１,喷水量为１１ｋｇ／ｈ,保持趋近绝热饱和温度ΔＴ＝ １２℃时,系统脱硫效率可以达到８９％ ． 对影响脱硫效率的主要因素进行了分析,认为喷水量是影响脱硫效率的最关键因素,并对脱硫机理进行了初步探讨．     

XGBoost-LSTM变权组合模型支持下短期PM2.5浓度预测——以上海为例

为进一步提高PM_2.5浓度预测的精度,基于XGBoost和LSTM进行改进得到变权组合模型XGBoost-LSTM（Variable）.过对预测因子进行相关性分析,得到其它大气污染物和气象因素对PM_2.5浓度的影响,确定最优PM_2.5浓度预测因子,再将预处理后数据集输入LSTM模型和XGBoost模型分别进行预测,采用基于残差改进的自适应变权组合方法得到最终预测结果.结果表明,污染物变量的相对重要性高于气象因子变量,其中当前PM_2.5和CO浓度的相对重要性较高,而平均风速和相对湿度重要性较低.XGBoost-LSTM（Variable）模型的RMSE、MAE和MAPE值为1.75、1.12和6.06,优于LSTM、XGBoost、SVR、XGBoost-LSTM（Equal）和XGBoost-LSTM（Residual）模型.分季节预测结果表明,XGBoost-LSTM（Variable）模型在春季预测精度最好,而夏季预测精度较差.模型预测精度高的原因在于其不仅考虑了数据的时间序列特征,又兼顾了数据的非线性特征.     

基于工况变化的港作拖轮排放特性

利用便携式排放测试系统（PEMS）对一艘港作拖轮船进行了在变工况航行作业下的排放试验,研究了该船舶CO、碳氢化合物（THC）和NO_x的瞬态特性、颗粒物粒径分布特性、主机在不同工况下的排放因子.结果表明：拖轮主机在日常航行工况和不同发动机负荷下,颗粒物排放粒径呈单峰或双峰分布,第一峰值粒径在30~40nm之间,第二峰值粒径为191.1nm;CO和THC在进港返航工况下基于油耗排放因子显著高于其他工况,NO_x、颗粒物（PM）和颗粒物数量（PN）在离港返航时排放因子高于其他工况;各排放污染物在正顶作业时基于距离的排放因子高于其他工况;CO和THC基于功率的排放因子在正顶作业工况下最高,最高值分别为4.10和1.20g/（kW·h）,NO_x、PM、PN排放因子在倒拖作业工况下最高,最高值分别为10.28g/（kW·h）,0.28g/（kW·h）和13.97×10¹⁴个/（kW×h）.     

基于快速检索的高速公路建设期安全事故应急响应

为提高我国高速公路建设安全管理水平,有效遏制事故损失,围绕事故应急响应速率及应急预案针对性等问题,通过引入基于案例推理技术,搜索案例库中相似的已建成项目的事故数据,为新建项目的应急预案提供有针对性的决策辅助,同时利用可变模糊聚类迭代模型将已有案例进行数据预处理,从而达到快速应急响应的目的。研究结果表明,这2种方法的结合可以大大提高响应效率和搜索精度,为高速公路建设期安全事故的快速应急管理提供可行性思路。     

可变电荷与恒电荷土壤胶体对DNA吸附与解吸特征

采用平衡法研究了红壤胶体、砖红壤胶体、潮土胶体和褐土胶体在不同pH值条件下DNA吸附与解吸特征.结果表明,在NaCl和KCl电解质体系中,4种土壤胶体在吸附过DNA后,溶液pH值均有不同程度的增加,pH增加的幅度为红壤胶体>砖红壤胶体>潮土胶体>褐土胶体;NaCl电解质体系>KCl电解质体系.土壤胶体对DNA的吸附量均随着pH值的升高而降低,在pH为2~4,不同胶体对DNA的吸附量保持最大值,约为13.1~14.8μg.mg-1.当平衡溶液pH值从4.2开始上升至8.6,在NaCl体系中,砖红壤胶体和红壤胶体上DNA的吸附量下降幅度约5.5μg.mg-1,而在KCl体系中,DNA的吸附量下降幅度约2.1μg.mg-1.2种电解质体系,潮土胶体与褐土胶体上DNA的吸附量下降幅度约为8.3~12.2μg.mg-1.DNA吸附量下降幅度为恒电荷土壤(潮土和褐土)胶体>可变电荷土壤(红壤和砖红壤)胶体.用NaOAc和NaH2PO4对土壤胶体吸附DNA的解吸时,可变电荷土壤胶体与恒电荷土壤胶体解吸规律有明显差异.在3种溶液pH值为3、5和7时,可变电荷土壤(红壤和砖红壤)胶体上NaOAc解吸率约10%~24.5%,Na...     

混凝土箱梁水化热温度损伤安全评价模型研究

目前混凝土箱梁0#块在施工过程中出现水化热温度冲击和裂缝现象,严重影响混凝土箱梁结构早期强度的形成以及结构的安全性能.综合考虑混凝土水化热温度荷载和弹模的时变效应,给出时域损伤函数;根据变权分析原理,确定敏感损伤和累积损伤,建立混凝土水化热温度损伤安全评价模型;对混凝土箱梁0#块水化热温度损伤进行三维数值仿真,总结水化热温度损伤时变效应规律,对早期含水化热温度损伤参数的混凝土箱梁结构安全性能进行分析评价.结果表明:混凝土水化热反应速率、水化热温差峰值与损伤速率敏感度、累积损伤敏感度同步.温差峰值过大、水化热反应速率过快,敏感损伤度和累积损伤度增大,安全指标降低,易形成温冲,产生裂缝,导致整体破坏.通过时域损伤函数和安全评价模型可及时分析计算混凝土箱梁0#块的安全指标,指导混凝土箱梁0#块安全施工.     

Determinants on Rural-Urban Labor Migration in China: Empirical Analysis on the Effect of Rural Cooperate Medical Insurance based on Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Data

Abstract

This paper studies factors influencing rural-urban labor migration in China, particularly the implementation of rural cooperative medical insurance (RCMI) in the year 2003. With the support of data analysis from the year 2000, 2004 and 2006, clear linear correlations are found between gender, income, health condition and rural-urban labor flow, whereas the impact of education and employment status are more complicated. More importantly, results from regression show that the establishment of RCMI in countryside of China not only inhibits rural residents from seeking employment outside the village, but also pulls back rural people who have already worked in cities. When regional dimension is concerned, the pure composite effect of RCMI on rural labor flow is less significant in coastal areas with better economic performance and medical service.