南盘江云南省出境断面20年水质监测结果及回顾评价

积累了南盘江云南省出境断面23年的水质监测数据,分析评价了多年来南盘江水质的优劣状态及其主要污染物,回顾评价总结了南盘江水质历年变化情况。     

渭河陕西段潜流带沉积物重金属变化初步分析

为厘清潜流带沉积物重金属时空变化及与水量交换、沉积物颗粒结构间的关系,于2013年春夏两季对渭河陕西段5个研究断面66个测试点位沉积物的野外原位渗透系数、颗粒粒径、重金属含量进行分析.结果表明:影响渭河沉积物渗透系数的主要因素是沉积物粒径,同时沉积物垂向分层、排列组合也影响其渗透性能;沉积物重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd质量分数在垂向上不同深度其含量大小不同,在时间上总体呈现春季夏季,富集系数(EF指数)分析结果显示春季Cu、Zn(除华县)、Pb(除眉县)、Cd富集严重且主要受人为输入源影响,夏季除Cd元素外,Cu、Zn、Pb的EF值均1.5,说明其含量主要来源于地壳和岩石圈的自然风化过程;Pearson相关分析发现粘土与粉砂(粒径0.075 mm)百分比与沉积物重金属质量分数呈弱相关,重金属粒径效应不显著,粒径不是控制重金属含量的主要环境影子;对单一重金属垂向不同深度含量进行相关性研究发现除Cd外,其余3种重金属在垂向上的相关系数均0.5(p0.01),说明单一重金属在垂向上具有同源性且存在相互迁移与转化.     

Preserving Population Allele Frequencies in Ex Situ Conservation Programs

Abstract: Optimization of contributions of parents to progeny by minimizing the average coancestry of the progeny is an effective strategy for maintaining genetic diversity in ex situ conservation programs, but its application on the basis of molecular markers has the negative collateral effect of homogenizing the allelic frequencies at each locus. Because one of the objectives of a conservation program is to preserve the genetic composition of the original endangered population, we devised a method in which markers are used to maintain the allele frequency distribution at each locus as closely as possible to that of the native population. Contributions of parents were obtained so as to minimize changes in allele frequency for a set of molecular markers in a population of reduced size. We used computer simulations, under a range of scenarios, to assess the effectiveness of the method in comparison with methods in which contributions of minimum coancestry are sought, either making use of molecular markers or genealogical information. Our simulations indicated that the proposed method effectively maintained the original distribution of allele frequencies, particularly under strong linkage, and maintained acceptable levels of genetic diversity in the population. Nevertheless, contributions of minimum coancestry determined from pedigree information but ignoring the genealogy previous to the conservation program, was the most effective method for maintaining allelic frequencies in realistic situations.     

海平面上升对海岸带环境的影响与危害及其防治对策

本文阐述了过去近百年来和未来特定年份海平面上升的趋势，分析了海平面上升的原因及其对海岸带环境的影响与危害，最后提出了防治对策与措施。     

Spatio-Temporal Variations of Sulphur Dioxide Patterns with Wind Conditions in Central Taiwan

Sulphur dioxide (SO₂) is one of the main atmospheric pollutants in central Taiwan. This article analyses the SO₂ concentration seasonal variations and spatial distribution using data obtained from ten air quality monitoring stations and the Taiwan Weather Bureau. It reveals that SO₂ concentration is high in winter and low in summer and that high concentration centers are located south of the Taichung coal-fired power plant, the main source of SO₂ emissions in the region.The location of high concentration centers changeswith different prevailing winds. SO₂ variations due towind direction are not unique. During short periods,when meteorological conditions are constant, variationin the pollution sources cause variations in thespatial distribution. This has been deduced byappreciation of Intervention analysis to time seriesof hourly data.     

个旧市环境空气中铅污染浓度的影响因素和变化规律

叙述了个旧市环境空气中影响铅污染浓度的气象因素,铅污染度的变化规律,为治理铅污染提供一些科学依据.     

东北平原西部沙地的气候变异与土地荒漠化

东北平原西部沙地位于欧亚大陆中纬度巨型沙带的东部边缘 ,为我国荒漠化土地的东缘。随着经济的发展 ,生态环境遭到严重破坏 ,荒漠化景观日益明显 ,前景令人堪忧。气候因素是荒漠化发展的一个基本因素 ,东北平原西部沙地是我国北方气候条件最好的沙区 ,但目前对于区域荒漠化驱动因子的气候因素影响方面的研究未开展系统的工作。论文系统分析了东北平原西部沙地影响荒漠化的现代气候因素特点 ,探讨了在较好气候条件下气候变异、人类活动与荒漠化之间的关系 ,并根据气候发展趋势预测了未来在自然因素作用下沙地的可能发展趋势。     

Utility of semivariogram for spatial variation of soil nutrients and the robust analysis of semivariogram

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＧｅｏｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓｈａｓｐｒｏｖｅｎｕｓｅｆｕｌｆｏｒｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｉｎｇａｎｄｍａｐｐｉｎｇｔｈｅｓｐａｔｉａｌｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｏｉｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ (Ｗｅｂｓｔｅｒ,1985;Ｔｒａｎｇｍａｒ,1985;Ｇｏｏｖａｅｒｔｓ ,1999) .Ｍｏｓｔｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｇｅｏｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃａｌｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｆｏｃｕｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｄａｔａｏｆａｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｓｍａｌｌｓｐａｔｉａｌｓｃａｌｅ(Ｃｈｉｅｎ ,1997) .Ｔｈｅａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｇｅｏｓｔａｔ…     

Watershed Management and Organizational Dynamics: Nationwide Findings and Regional Variation

Recent attention has focused on resource management initiatives at the watershed scale with emphasis on collaborative, locally driven, and decentralized institutional arrangements. Existing literature on limited selections of well-established watershed-based organizations has provided valuable insights. The current research extends this focus by including a broad survey of watershed organizations from across the United States as a means to estimate a national portrait. Organizational characteristics include year of formation, membership size and composition, budget, guiding principles, and mechanisms of decision-making. These characteristics and the issue concerns of organizations are expected to vary with respect to location. Because this research focuses on organizations that are place based and stakeholder driven, the forces driving them are expected to differ across regions of the country. On this basis of location, we suggest basic elements for a regional assessment of watershed organizations to channel future research and to better approximate the organizational dynamics, issue concerns, and information needs unique to organizations across the country. At the broadest level, the identification of regional patterns or organizational similarities may facilitate the linkage among organizations to coordinate their actions at the much broader river basin or ecosystem scale.