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排序方式: 共有1823条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
81.
西安市大气中多环芳烃的季节变化及健康风险评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对西安市2009年6月-2010年5月空气中的总悬浮颗粒(TSP)和气态样品进行了连续采样,利用GC—MS对16种PAHs进行分析。∑PAHs浓度(气相+颗粒相)范围为39.93~1032.46ng/m^3,平均值为197.34ng/m^3;其中,冬季大气中∑PAHs浓度最大,相对浓度的范围为31.21%~72.98%,而夏季的浓度最小;检测出16种2~6环的PAHs,其中以3—4环为主。利用特征分子比值法和因子分析进行源解析,发现研究区PAHs的主要来源为燃煤和机动车尾气排放。通过苯并(a)芘(BaP)等效毒性(BEQ)和苯并(a)芘等效致癌浓度(BaPE)进行健康风险评价,结果显示,西安大气中PAHs的毒性具有明显的季节差异,特别是秋季和冬季大气中PAHs对人类的健康存在较大的潜在威胁。 相似文献
82.
Yingyi Zhang Senchao Lai Zhen Zhao Fobang Liu Hongwei Chen Shichun Zou Zhiyong Xie Ralf Ebinghaus 《Chemosphere》2013
An intensive campaign was conducted in September 2012 to collect surface water samples along the tributaries of the Pearl River in southern China. Thirteen perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), including perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs, C4–C11) and perfluorosulfonates (PFSAs, C4, C6–C8, and C10), were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/(-)ESI–MS/MS). The concentrations of total PFAAs (ΣPFAAs) ranged from 3.0 to 52 ng L−1, with an average of 19 ± 12 ng L−1. The highest concentrations of ΣPFAAs were detected in the surface water of the Dong Jiang tributary (17–52 ng L−1), followed by the main stream (13–26 ng L−1) and the Sha Wan stream (3.0–4.5 ng L−1). Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were the three most abundant PFAAs and on average accounted for 20%, 24%, and 19% of ΣPFAAs, respectively. PFBS was the most abundant PFAA in the Dong Jiang tributary, and PFOA was the highest PFAA in the samples from the main stream of the Pearl River. A correlation was found between PFBS and PFOA, which suggests that both of these PFAAs originate from common source(s) in the region. Nevertheless, the slope of PFBS/PFOA was different in the different tributaries sampled, which indicates a spatial difference in the source profiles of the PFAAs. 相似文献
83.
Nutrient transfer functions: the site of integration between feeding behaviour and nutritional physiology 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Summary. We describe and extend a graphical approach to quantitative nutrition that focuses on the interplay between behavioural and
physiological components of nutritional regulation. The site of integration is the nutrient transfer function, which is the
function describing the time course of nutrient transfer between serially connected nutritional compartments (e.g., from the gut to the blood). The relationship between the shape of the nutrient transfer function and the temporal patterns
of feeding determines the values of two key quantitative parameters of nutrition: the rate ('power') and the efficiency of nutrient acquisition. The approach can be extended to consider, in addition to the short-term behavioural and physiological
decisions made by animals, some ecological determinants and longer-term, life history consequences of such decisions. Most
importantly, this category of models can provide insights into the interplay among the various nutrients in an animal's diet.
We illustrate this using hypothetical examples, and also present preliminary data for the power-efficiency relationships of
protein and digestible carbohydrates in locusts. Finally, we consider existing evidence for the various means available to
these and other insects for regulating such relationships.
Received 24 September 1997; accepted 9 December 1997. 相似文献
84.
85.
天津市中心城区空气污染物时间变化规律的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
根据空气质量标准,分析了SO2、NO2和PM103项污染物不同季节,不同时期,不同时段变化规律、达标状况以及为制定相应的防治措施提供参考依据。 相似文献
86.
87.
杭州城区春节PM2.5中水溶性离子在线观测 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2
利用大气细颗粒物水溶性组分在线连续监测分析系统(AIM-URG9000D),考察了杭州城区春节期间PM2.5中无机水溶性离子的浓度变化范围,探讨了这些离子的日变化特征和影响因素,同时分析了集中燃放烟花爆竹对水溶性离子浓度的影响。结果表明,SO2-4、NO-3、NH+4是PM2.5中水溶性离子的主要成分,分别占全部水溶性组分的33.3%、28.4%、19.4%;强致癌物质NO-2浓度为2.07μg/m3,远大于膜采样结果;NO-3与SO2-4的质量比为0.85,表明机动车尾气排放导致的大气污染正逐步加重;各水溶性离子有着各自不同的日变化规律。相关性分析表明,NH+4与NO-3、SO2-4的相关系数分别为0.92、0.81;K+、Cl-、Mg2+3者之间的相关系数均在0.9以上。烟花爆竹燃放期间,PM2.5浓度急剧上升,Cl-、SO2-4、K+、Mg2+浓度分别达到燃放前的18、6、53、76倍。 相似文献
88.
郑州市 PM2.5和 PM10质量浓度变化特征分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
根据郑州市2013年PM2.5和PM10颗粒物连续自动监测数据,对郑州市各国控站点的PM2.5和PM10的达标情况、变化趋势等进行探讨分析。结果表明:2013年郑州市PM10和PM2.5的年均质量浓度均超过了新标准规定的年均值二级标准限值。 PM10和PM2.5月均值峰值出现在1月和10月,谷值出现在8月,各月PM2.5的超标天数都大于PM10。PM10和PM2.5冬季的日均值浓度明显高于其他季节,呈双峰型,夜晚浓度整体高于白天;PM2.5春、夏、秋三季日变化呈单峰型,PM10夏季和秋季呈单峰型,春季呈双峰型。 PM2.5和PM10日均值有着非常显著的线性相关关系,PM2.5和PM10浓度的比值(p)10月最高。 相似文献
89.
Yu Y Wen S Lü H Feng Y Wang X Sheng G Fu J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,137(1-3):275-285
The diurnal variation of atmospheric carbonyls and VOCs in a forest in south China were studied in summer 2004. Twenty kinds
of carbonyls and eight kinds of VOCs were identified and quantified. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the two most abundant
carbonyls, while the most abundant VOCs were isoprene, followed by o-xylene. Most C3-C10 carbonyls had higher concentrations from 09:00 to 15:00, and their levels were lower during night-time and often reached
the lowest in early morning. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, however, showed two high levels in their diurnal patterns partly
due to their different sources and sinks. The VOCs had different diurnal patterns compared to most carbonyls. The highest
concentrations were observed from 03:00 to 06:00 for 1-butene, from 06:00 to 12:00 for isoprene, and from 12:00 to 15:00 for
α-pinene. The highest levels for aromatic hydrocarbons occurred during midnight and the lowest in late afternoon. According
to the study, emissions from vegetation and photo-oxidation of gas-phase hydrocarbons were the main sources for some carbonyls
and VOCs in this region. Other compounds, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and BTEX, showed anthropogenic sources. 相似文献
90.
温彦平 《环境监测管理与技术》2015,27(1):22-26
选取太原汾河景区跨桥断面8个监测点,在2012年3月—2013年10月期间对河流8项水质参数进行监测,并结合派生的水体综合污染指数及主成分分析方法分析和评价景区水污染时空变化特征。结果表明,景区水质污染变化时空差异明显,上游污染相对较小,下游污染较重;春季溶解氧和p H值变化幅度最大,夏季除总氮和氨氮外,其他各污染物均有显著变化特征,秋季则以氨氮、总氮和总磷变化最为显著。主成分分析结果显示,虽然各监测点水体污染的关键影响因子不同,但总磷是太原市河流水体污染的共同解释因子。 相似文献