海南香蕉园土壤中重金属现状及变化趋势分析

为了解香蕉种植园土壤重金属含量及香蕉种植尤其是施肥对土壤重金属含量的影响,采集海南岛5大香蕉种植区(儋州、临高、东方、乐东、昌江)各大香蕉基地的共计49个蕉园土壤样品及与之对应的18个对照样品,分析了Zn、Cu、Hg、Cd、Pb及Ni的含量.研究表明,相对于对照土壤,全区蕉园土壤Zn、Cu、Ni含量增加(Cu上升0.02～24.24mg/kg,Zn上升6.3～58.2 mg/kg,Ni上升2.81～6.40mg/kg);Cd、Hg含量增加较少(Cd上升0.09～0.45 mg/kg,Hg上升0.01～0.04mg/kg);Pb有下降趋势(下降0.32～7.88 mg/kg).与我国土壤环境质量标准相比,蕉园土壤中Cu、Zn、Hg、Pb含量为二级,而79.6%土壤样品的镉含量和24.3%土壤样品的镍含量高于相应二级标准.     

长江口最大浑浊带潮滩沉积物间隙水营养盐剖面研究

2005-03～2006-02对长江口崇明东滩高、中、低潮滩3个典型站点沉积物间隙水中各营养盐成分含量及其随深度的变化做了为期1a的逐月观测.结果显示,研究区域间隙水中NH₄⁺和SiO₃^2-的浓度一般在200～500μmol/L之间,高、中、低潮滩间显示出了不同的分布态势;与高潮滩和中潮滩相比,没有植被覆盖、粒径较粗的低潮滩往往具有较高的NH+4浓度和较低的SiO₃^2-浓度;     

Characterization of atmospheric particulate and metallic elements at Taichung Harbor near Taiwan Strait during 2004-2005

Air aerosol samples for TSP (total suspended particulate), coarse particulate (particle matter with aerodynamical diameter 2.5–10 μm, PM_2.5–10), fine particulate (particle matter with aerodynamical diameter <2.5 μm, PM_2.5) and metallic elements were collected during March 2004 to January 2005 at TH (Taichung Harbor) in central Taiwan. The seasonal variation average concentration of TSP (total suspended particulate), coarse particulate (particle matter with aerodynamical diameter 2.5–10 μm, PM_2.5–10) and fine particulate (particle matter with aerodynamical diameter <2.5 μm, PM_2.5) were in the range 132–171.1 μg m⁻³ and 43–49.5 μg m⁻³, respectively. Seasonal variation of metallic elements Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe in the TSP (total suspended particulate) shows that higher concentration was observed during spring. Seasonal variation of metallic elements Pb, Cr and Mg in the TSP (total suspended particulate) shows that higher concentration was observed during winter. The average metallic element TSP (total suspended particulate) concentration order was Fe > Zn > Mg > Cu > Cr > Mn > Pb in spring. In addition, at the TH sampling site, the average concentration variation of TSP (total suspended particulate) displayed the following order: spring > winter > autumn > summer. However, the average concentration variation of coarse particulate (particle matter with aerodynamical diameter 2.5–10 μm, PM_2.5–10) displayed the following order: spring > winter > summer > autumn. Finally, the average concentration variations of fine particulate (particle matter with aerodynamical diameter <2.5 μm, PM_2.5) were in the following order: winter > spring > summer > autumn at the TH sample site.     

The Nutrient Status of Some Graminaceous Species in Britain. 1. Molinia Caerulea (L.) Moench

Above-ground biomass biomass of Molinia caerulea from 36 sites throughout Britain was analysed for concentrations of elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Na), with matching analyses of soil nutrients, together with pH and LOI. Between-year and seasonal variation in the nutrients was also studied at one of the sites. the grass was found on acid sites ranging between pH 3.1 and 5.8. the soil humus content varied widely, and there were significant correlations between that and elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na) in the soil. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, zinc and manganese in the plant material were significantly correlated with extractable levels in the soils. Between year variation in the plant nutrient concentrations at one site was of a similar order to variation between the sites. Generally there was less variation in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium tissue levels than in calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper. Iron and sodium were the most variable. Tissue concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and copper declined throughout the growing season, whereas magnesium, calcium and iron built up until August/September after which a decline set in as the leaves senesced. the results are discussed in relation to the importance of standardizing the time of sampling, in comparison with concentrations of tissue levels in other plants and the growth strategy of this deciduous grass.     

Historical alteration in the nitrogen concentration and N natural abundance of mosses in Germany: Indication for regionally varying changes in atmospheric nitrogen deposition within the last 140 years

Historical alterations of nitrogen deposition in the western part of Germany were investigated by comparing nitrogen concentrations and ¹⁵N natural abundance of historical and recent samples of the two pleurocarpous mosses Pleurozium schreberi and Scleropodium purum. Pooling of the data revealed only slight tissue N increases over the past 140 years which were significant nevertheless. At closer examination on the single site level historical increases of N concentrations were found particularly for some sites in regions where agricultural activities were considerably intensified during the second half of the 20th century. The comparison of δ¹⁵N values showed a strong depletion of ¹⁵N natural abundance in areas currently heavily influenced by livestock management. This indicates an increased impact of NH_y compounds. However, the almost unchanged δ¹⁵N values in some low mountain range areas with only moderate intensification of agriculture point to a more or less constant ratio of NH_y/NO_x input over time. Significant correlations of both tissue N concentrations and ¹⁵N natural abundance between the two species justify the assumption that they use the same nitrogen source, probably atmospheric deposition.     

成都冬季“干”气溶胶等效复折射率变化特征研究

基于成都市2017年12月逐时的"干"气溶胶散射系数和吸收系数观测数据，结合该时段同时次GRIMM180环境颗粒物分析仪的监测资料，利用免疫进化算法一体化反演550nm波长处"干"气溶胶等效复折射率的实部和虚部，并对其冬季变化特征进行了研究，结果表明："干"气溶胶等效复折射率实部和虚部分别为（1.547±0.0552）和（0.0197±0.00604）."干"气溶胶等效复折射率实部和虚部的日变化形态基本一致，主要表现为"单谷型"特征，二者的谷值出现时段位于15：00~18：00.在日时间尺度上而言，"干"气溶胶等效复折射率实部与质量浓度统计上对其散射消光的演化存在协同作用，"干"气溶胶虚部与质量浓度对其吸收消光的演化也存在类似影响."干"气溶胶等效复折射率虚部是单位质量浓度"干"气溶胶吸收消光能力的重要表征.     

长江口潮间带湿地涨退潮期N2O的排放通量研究

随着河口区接收上游人为氮排放量的增加,为这一区域氧化亚氮（N2O）的排放增加了很大不确定性。选择长江河口潮间带湿地为研究对象,分别采用原位静态箱法和静态顶空法,从2011年1月至12月对长江口沉积物 大气界面以及涨潮水 大气界面的N2O排放通量进行了为期一年的现场观测和研究。研究结果表明,沉积物 大气界面N2O通量有着显著的时空差异。N2O排放通量在日变化以及季节变化上都表现出明显的源汇转变,就年平均排放通量,光滩带沉积物 大气界面达到了599 μgN2O/(m2〖DK〗·h),而海三棱藨草盐沼带与大气间N2O交换则十分微弱,为060 μgN2O/(m2〖DK〗·h)。对长江口涨退潮期光滩和草滩上覆水体 大气界面N2O排放通量的研究表明,长江口涨退潮期在夏季和秋季,无论是光滩还是草滩均表现为大气N2O的稳定排放源,其中夏季平均253 μgN2O/(m2〖DK〗·h),秋季平均排放通量为207 μgN2O/(m2〖DK〗·h)。作为河口区上游排放氮素的直接接收者,和沉积物 大气界面N2O排放相比,长江口涨潮水 大气界面N2O排放稳定而又显著,是长江口N2O排放的主要贡献者,应成为这一区域N2O排放的关注热点     

亚热带典型岩溶区地表溪流水文地球化学昼夜变化及其影响因素研究

为了解岩溶区地表溪流水文地球化学的昼夜变化过程及其影响因素,于2013-07-09～2013-07-14期间,在广西壮族自治区融安县官村地下河出口(G1)和下游雷崖村(G2)设置两个监测点同时展开了为期5 d的高分辨率昼夜监测工作,每15min监测水温(T)、pH、溶解氧(DO)和电导率(Spc),每2 h进行人工采样工作,样品测试Ca2+、HCO-3和NO-3等主要离子以及δ13CDIC.结果发现:1 G1和G2点都是HCO3-Ca型水,但是两个监测点表现出不同的水文地球化学昼夜变化过程;2监测期间官村地下河出口(G1)的物理化学参数和主要离子(Ca2+、HCO-3和NO-3等)基本上保持稳定,而雷崖监测点(G2)的物理化学参数(T、pH、DO、Spc)和Ca2+、HCO-3和NO-3离子表现出有规律的昼夜变化特征;3 G2监测点的溶解无机碳(DIC)和δ13C值表现出相反的昼夜变化特征,DIC在白天下降晚上升高而δ13C值白天上升晚上下降,并表现出较好的负相关关系(相关系数为-0.87,P<0.01).结果表明,水生植物的光合作用和呼吸作用、水温以及脱气作用共同影响岩溶区地表溪流水文地球化学的昼夜变化,控制了岩溶地表溪流内部物质循环过程.     

云南高原楚雄市降水分布与旱涝灾害分析

运用楚雄市1961~2009年的降水量资料,通过统计检验、五点三次滤波法并计算了楚雄降水距平百分率,分析了楚雄市旬、侯、月﹑季、年际降水量变化特征及旱涝灾害的时间分布特征,得出楚雄市49年平均降雨量为867.77 mm,2000~2009年来年平均降雨量为935.57 mm,比49年均值偏高67.8 mm,呈上升趋势。降水主要集中在5~10月,干湿明显,楚雄市冬春干旱年年都有发生,只是程度不同,初夏干旱如遇大气环流异常发生的机率较大,干旱发生连续性较强,洪涝灾害偶有发生。并对旱涝灾害成因进行了分析,提出了旱涝灾害防治基本对策。     

黑龙江省环保产业发展现状及发展趋势研究

随着国家宏观政策的规划引导以及环境保护投资的拉动,十余年来,黑龙江省环保产业发展迅速,环保产业的发展对于改善黑龙江省环境质量,推进产业结构升级和转型,促进经济社会可持续发展,具有重要意义。在介绍和分析黑龙江省环境保护及相关产业发展现状的基础上,运用黑龙江省在2004年和2011年的两次环保产业普查数据,分析了黑龙江省环境保护及相关产业的发展特点,指出环保产业发展存在的问题并研究产业发展对策。