Water Quality in Drinking Water Reservoirs of a Megacity, Istanbul

Providing clean water at relevant quality and quantity is a challenge that regulatory authorities have to face in metropolitan cities that seem to develop at their limits of sustainability. Istanbul strives to face such a challenge for its population of over 10 million, through six surface water resources. Two approaches of classification for the reservoirs are presented, one based on current regulations and an alternative based on a more detailed classification. The results have shown that nutrient control is the primary issue, and one of the reservoirs has already exceeded the limits of being eutrophic, one is at mesotrophic conditions, and the remaining four are at the limit of being eutrophic, indicating the significance of making the correct decision and taking pertinent measures for management and control. It has been observed that the only mesotrophic resource, which also has the best general quality class, has no industry and a very low population density, whereas the one that is already eutrophic is also the one with the lowest quality class, has the highest population density, and has the greatest percentage of urban land use within its watershed.     

Scaling up of biomass simulation for Eucalyptus plantations based on landsenses ecology

ABSTRACT

Sustainable forest management on a regional scale requires accurate biomass estimation. At present, technologically comprehensive forecasting estimates are generated using process-based ecological models. However, isolation of the ecological factors that cause uncertainty in model behavior is difficult. To solve this problem, this study aimed to construct a meliorization model evaluation framework to explain uncertainty in model behavior with respect to both the mechanisms and algorithms involved in ecological forecasting based on the principle of landsenses ecology. We introduce a complicated ecological driving mechanism to the process-based ecological model using analytical software and algorithms. Subsequently, as a case study, we apply the meliorization model evaluation framework to detect Eucalyptus biomass forest patches at a regional scale (196,158 ha) using the 3PG2 (Physiological Principles in Predicting Growth) model. Our results show that this technique improves the accuracy of ecological simulation for ecological forecasting and prevents new uncertainties from being produced by adding a new driving mechanism to the original model structure. This result was supported by our Eucalyptus biomass simulation using the 3PG2 model, in which ecological factors caused 21.83% and 9.05% uncertainty in model behavior temporal and spatial forecasting, respectively. In conclusion, the systematic meliorization model evaluation framework reported here provides a new method that could be applied to research requiring comprehensive ecological forecasting. Sustainable forest management on regional scales contributes to accurate forest biomass simulation through the principle of landsenses ecology, in which mix-marching data and a meliorization model are combined.     

安全管理学课程多类型教学方法研究

作为安全工程专业培养方案中的重要课程之一,《安全管理学》具有课程内容较多,需要学生理解分析和记忆内容较多的特征。同时,《安全管理学》的课程目标强调对课程内容的灵活应用。因此,教师需要采用多样化的、恰当的教学方法才能在减轻学生学习负担的同时培养学生学习兴趣、取得良好的教学效果。论文提出了以案例教学法、启发讨论式教学、情景模拟法、开设网络交流平台、开设企业专家专题讲座、进入企业参观学习、开设课程设计为主的多类型教学方法相结合的教学思路。并且给出了每种教学方法的应用要点和适用的教学内容。最后,采用了调查问卷和访谈的方法对各教学方法的应用效果或预期效果进行了调查研究。     

Present status of Rn in groundwater in Extremadura

Radon-222 was measured in groundwater sources of Extremadura (Spain), analyzing 350 samples from private and public springs, wells, and spas by liquid scintillation counting (LSC) and gamma spectrometry. The ²²²Rn activity concentrations ranged from 0.24 to 1168 Bq L⁻¹. The statistical analysis showed a log-normal distribution with a mean of (111 ± 7) Bq L⁻¹ and a median of (36 ± 3) Bq L⁻¹. A hydrogeological study revealed correlations between the activity concentration and the aquifer material's characteristics. A map of ²²²Rn in groundwater was elaborated and compared with the natural gamma radiation map for this region. About 35% of the samples showed ²²²Rn activity concentrations above the Euratom recommended limit of 100 Bq L⁻¹. Three uranium series radionuclides (²³⁸U, ²³⁴U, and ²²⁶Ra) were also assayed by alpha-particle spectrometry, estimating the annual effective dose due to the presence of these natural radionuclides in drinking water.     

长江沿江国家战略发展区功能识别与培育

分析了长江沿江六大国家战略发展区（即长三角地区、皖江城市带、武汉城市圈、鄱阳湖生态经济区、长株潭城市群、成渝经济区）的发展状况。基于极化区理论,提出了国家战略发展区识别的“自上而下”与“自下而上”相结合的方法,并结合经济发展水平和实力、经济的外向化程度、产业和服务业区位熵的定量分析,初步识别了各战略发展区的功能,即长三角经济区主要承担参与国际竞争、创新和门户功能,皖江城市带主要承担区域服务带动和创新功能,鄱阳湖经济区主要承担生态保育和区域带动功能,武汉城市圈主要承担中部带动和创新功能,长株潭城市群主要承担区域服务和带动功能,成渝经济区主要承担西部生态保育、西部带动功能     

开发区的“第三次创业”:从工业园走向新城——以苏州工业园转型为例

开发区是全球化时代出现的新产业空间。开发区在我国经济发展和改革开放中,发挥了重要作用。理论界将我国开发区发展阶段总结为一次创业和二次创业两个阶段,但是目前我国开发区普遍出现了从工业园向新城区转型的趋向。从企业家型城市的理论视角,通过对苏州工业园发展与转型的实证研究,论证开发区建设进入第三次创业的新阶段———即从工业园向城市新区的转变。在新一轮转型中,苏州工业园实施了企业家的城市策略,采取了园区再定位、创造新城市空间等企业家城市行动,园区的新城功能和第三产业得到迅速发展。同时,研究也发现园区管委会的管治体系发生了根本变化,从促进经济增长管理向社会和城市综合管理转型。该研究将对我国新一轮开发区的转型具有重要启示。     

江苏省级开发区土地开发效益评价

土地问题是当前我国开发区发展面临的重大挑战，在科学发展观指导下，国家从政策和管理层面对开发区提出提高土地集约利用水平的客观要求。江苏省是我国开发区较为发达的地区，开发区的发展对地区经济的发展起了重要推动作用，但也存在数量过多、土地利用集约度不高的问题。借鉴一些学者的相关研究，构建了一套开发区土地利用经济评价指标体系，采用系统协调度模型，对江苏省的省级开发区的土地开发效益进行评价，并就开发区效益评价结果进行了数学和空间分析说明。     

开发区土地集约利用的区域效应分析——以吉林省中部开发区为例

从集约评价的角度研究开发区土地集约利用对区域经济社会发展的效应,不仅可以掌握开发区与区域经济社会发展的协调性以及开发区土地利用情况,还可以为政府相关部门、土地管理及规划等部门提供有力的决策工具,对推进吉林省开发区土地利用方式转变,提高开发区土地利用效率,促进区域经济结构调整,加快区域经济发展和城市化进程都具有重大的现实意义。本文以吉林省中部为研究对象,选取12个开发区,运用数据包络分析方法(DEA)对开发区土地集约利用的区域效应进行分析,得出结论:(1)长春市开发区土地集约利用的区域效应已达到最优状态,对区域经济发展带动有效性较好,而吉林市和四平市均处于规模效益递减状态;(2)有国家级开发区的市,其开发区土地集约利用状况的区域效应更好;(3)吉林省中部地区开发区总体发展不均衡:省级开发区与国家级开发区差距大,省级开发区中也呈现发展不平衡的现象。     

不同水期洞庭湖水体中磷分布特征及影响因素

为研究不同水期洞庭湖水体中磷的分布特征及影响因素,分别于2016年1～12月对洞庭湖湖区及其入湖河流共18个代表性监测断面采集水样,分析了样品中各形态磷质量浓度.结果表明,总体上,洞庭湖水体中总磷(TP)、溶解性总磷(DTP)和磷酸盐(DPO)均表现为平水期枯水期丰水期,具有明显的季节性变化特征.空间分布上,枯、平水期湖区水体磷质量浓度由西向东增加,丰水期由西向东减少.时间分布上,东、西洞庭湖和出湖口水体中各形态磷质量浓度季节性分布差异明显,西洞庭湖表现为丰水期大于枯、平水期,东洞庭湖和出湖口表现为枯、平水期大于丰水期.形态组成上,与三峡水库蓄水前不同,洞庭湖湖区及其入湖河流水体中磷以溶解态为主,DTP是TP的主要形态,DPO是DTP的主要形态.洞庭湖水体中悬浮颗粒(SS)和磷的分布有一定的协同性,各水期SS和磷质量浓度呈显著或极显著相关关系,因此认为SS是洞庭湖水体中磷季节性变化的重要影响因素.另外,南嘴断面、大小西湖断面、东洞庭湖湖区等区域受周边人类活动影响造成的水体磷污染较重,应引起高度重视.     

长三角城市群各业用地价格的空间分布格局及影响因素

运用空间自相关及地理加权回归方法,揭示长三角城市群各业用地价格的空间分布及关联特征,并分析其影响因素的空间异质性,丰富和发展城市群地价空间分布规律的理论研究。研究结果表明:工业用地价格普遍偏低,商住地价价格较高,符合城市间土地级差收益规律,但商住倒挂现象明显;在空间分布上,工业地价从浙东南向苏北呈梯度递减,在空间上呈现显著空间正相关,表现为低值空间集聚;居住地价在空间上呈现出较强的空间正相关,具体表现为一、二线城市为高值集聚,商服地价不存在空间自相关性;人均可支配收入、公共财政支出对长三角城市群工业地价的影响空间差异显著,城市等级、国内生产总值和人均可支配收入对居住地价的影响空间差异明显,商服地价主要受到社会消费品总额、每万人公共汽车数量和公共财政支出影响。