碳纳米管负载纳米四氧化三铁多相类芬顿降解亚甲基蓝

在课题组前期研究的基础上,以碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为载体制备了Fe3O4/MWCNTs复合物并作为催化剂,以染料亚甲基蓝(MB)为降解对象,研究了该催化剂催化H2O2对亚甲基蓝溶液的降解特性及其影响因素,并考察了催化剂的重复使用效果,探讨了催化反应的机理.结果表明,在pH值3~8的范围内,催化反应体系都能有效降解MB,最佳pH值为3.5.随着催化剂投量的增加,MB的降解率明显提高,500 mg·L-1催化剂投量条件下,MB的降解率最高.随着H2O2初始浓度的增加,MB的降解率增加,10 mmol·L-1时MB的降解率最高.溶液中共存的阴离子会降低MB的降解率.在最佳条件,即温度25℃、H2O2浓度10 mmol·L-1、催化剂浓度500 mg·L-1的条件下,0.20 mmol·L-1MB在30 min内的降解率达到99.1%.催化剂重复使用后仍然具有较好的催化活性,说明Fe3O4在MWCNTs表面负载比较牢固,催化剂具有反复使用的能力.催化反应机理是催化剂催化H2O2产生羟基自由基,高活性的羟基自由基氧化MB.     

“绿水”的多角度评估及其管理研究

传统的水资源评估和管理忽视了在粮食生产和维护生态系统等方面都具有重要作用的"绿水".本文引入绿水概念,并针对现有绿水评估研究中缺乏小尺度评估方法研究等问题,以碧流河上游地区为例,使用SWAT水文模型在小尺度建立了多角度评估绿水(包括绿水流和绿水贮存)的方法.并使用此方法估算得到了绿水量,绿水时空分布规律以及气候变化条件下绿水的响应规律,研究了引入绿水概念后传统水资源管理的重要革新内容.研究结果表明,使用SWAT水文模型评估流域绿水,是引入绿水概念后进行小尺度绿水评估的有效办法,值得在中国推广使用.绿水评估结果对水资源管理有重要的指导作用.绿水概念的引入为水资源的管理与决策提供了新的思路和更加科学的办法.     

Metal Concentrations, Foraging Distances, and Fledging Success of Great Blue Herons Nesting along the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River

An ecological risk assessment of the spatial distribution of metal concentrations along the Hanford Reach of the free-flowing Columbia River in southcentral Washington, identified great blue herons, Ardea herodias, at potential risk through the ingestion of contaminated riverine biota, especially fish. We measured metal concentrations in livers of pre-flight herons from the Hanford Reach and excrement samples taken from the same nests. Nests were distributed among three colonies situated upstream and downstream from nine retired plutonium production reactors along the river where metals in reactor coolant waters had been released directly into the river or disposed to shoreline retention basins and ditches. Distances traveled by parent herons to foraging areas along the river shore were determined by visually tracking parent birds as they flew from nests to upriver and downriver foraging sites. Foraging flight distances varied between colonies with mean distances ranging between 0.7 and 3.1 km. Cadmium, Cr, and Pb concentrations were higher in excrement than in the livers of pre-flight herons but the opposite was noted for Cu, Hg, and Zn. Highest metal concentrations of Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, were measured in excrement taken from heron nests at the colony located upstream from all reactors. These results were consistent with metal concentrations reported in river sediment from the same regions, indicating excrement from the heron nests may be a useful indicator of dietary uptake of metals by herons. Fledging success and eggshell thickness measurements were used as an index of health of the local heron population. The results indicate that the reproductive health of great blue herons nesting along the Hanford Reach is among the highest reported in the continental United States.     

青霉菌X5对活性艳蓝KN-R脱色研究

采用梯度平板筛选法，从染布厂废水池污泥中分离到一株对蒽醌染料KN－R有较强脱色能力的青霉菌X5（Penicillium sp.)，并考察该菌在不同温度，pH，培养时间，染料浓度，菌量及不同碳源氮源条件下对活性艳蓝KN－R的脱色情况，结果表明,在20－40℃温度范围内该菌对活性艳蓝KN－R的脱色率均在95％以上，其最佳脱色温度为25℃，pH为4．0，培养时间为48h，染料浓度，菌量对染料脱色有一定影响，该菌对碳源、氮源具有较宽适应范围，在最佳条件下，该菌对染料的脱色率达99．3％。     

The Effect of Military Training Activity on Eastern Lupine and the Karner Blue Butterfly at Fort McCoy,Wisconsin, USA

The US Department of Defense (DOD) manages over 10.1 million ha of land, much of which is used for training military personnel. However, vast sections receive little or no use, and military lands have become refuges for many species. At Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, USA, populations of the endangered Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) are found in oak and pine barren communities where wild lupine (Lupinus perennis), a perennial forb required by Karner blue butterfly larvae, still occurs. Oak and pine barren communities are disturbance-dependent, and the barrens ecosystems in the Midwest have declined in extent by 98% because of fire suppression, succession, and habitat fragmentation. We studied the effects of disturbance by military manuever training on the density of lupine and Karner blue butterfly at Fort McCoy. We also wanted to determine whether military training activity could enhance Karner blue butterfly habitat. At locations where tracked vehicles had driven through lupine patches, the abundance of lupine and nectar-producing plants was greater in the median strip between vehicle ruts than in vehicle ruts or 5 m outside the vehicle ruts. The proportion of lupine stems with Karner blue butterfly larvae feeding sign (the ratio of stems fed upon to stems examined) was greater in areas where military vehicles had traveled than where they had not. The proportion of lupine stems with feeding sign and lupine stem density was also positively related to the occurrence of prior bivouacs and fires caused by military munitions. Shrub and forest canopy abundance were lower in areas traveled by tracked vehicles. At the scale of the lupine patch, lupine abundance and the proportion of lupine stems with feeding sign were positively correlated with military training activities, suggesting that maintenance of lupine habitat can be achieved in concert with military training.     

Assessing the socio-economic impacts of green/blue space,urban residential and road infrastructure projects in the Confluence (Lyon): a hedonic pricing simulation approach

Urban green/blue spaces are put under pressure as urban areas grow, develop and evolve. It is increasingly recognized, however, that green/blue spaces provide important ecosystem services, stimulate higher real estate prices and prevent flooding problems. This paper aims to assess and compare the socio-economic impacts of potential green/blue space, urban residential and road infrastructure development scenarios in the Lyon Confluence project area (France), using the Sustainable Urbanizing Landscape Development (SULD) hedonic pricing simulation model. Results show four major tendencies regarding the value-added of green/blue spaces in urban landscapes: (1) cities become more compact; (2) population densities increase; (3) real estate values rise; and (4) demographic distribution patterns change. The magnitude of these impacts depends, however, on the quality and size of the intervention, the social classes attracted to the intervention area and on the location of the intervention relative to existing residential areas, urban centres, road infrastructure and environmental amenities.     

Experimental study on microalgae cultivation in novel photobioreactor of concentric double tubes with aeration pores along tube length direction

Microalgae have been identified as a superior feedstock for biodiesel production and varied tubular photobioreactors are developed for high efficient and scale-up microalgae cultivation. This article presented a novel concentric double tubes using aeration through radial pores along the length direction of inner tube. Experiments on microalgae cultivation were carried out in the novel photobioreactor, and two control groups including concentric double tubes with axial aeration at both ends and common tubular. The biomass productivity of novel photobioreactor increased by 43.6% and 107.4%, respectively, compared with concentric double tubes with axial aeration at both ends and common tubular without aeration. The values of pH shifted from 7.5 to 9.0 for novel photobioreactor, but 7.5 to 8.8 for common tubular, and 7.5 to 9.6 for concentric double tubes with axial aeration. The dissolved oxygen concentration fluctuated between 6.0 and 7.0 mg·L^?1 for novel photobioreactor, but rose from 6.6 to 10.2 mg·L^?1 for the common tubular, and 6.9 to 8.1 mg·L^?1 for the concentric with axial aeration. Results show that the aeration style of novel photobioreactor can make efficient local mixing and maintain smaller range of pH and lower level of dissolved oxygen in case of higher biomass concentration. Moreover, compared with the two control groups, the novel concentric double tubes have advantages on the light/dark cycle frequency, which may be benefit for microalgae cultivation. The novel concentric double tubes presented in this work can give some inspiration for high efficiency microalgae cultivation.     

多级孔ZSM-5分子筛对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

以多级孔ZSM-5分子筛为吸附剂,吸附水中的亚甲基蓝（MB）,考察了吸附条件对吸附效果的影响,并探讨了吸附的热力学和动力学特征。实验结果表明：在溶液pH为11、分子筛加入量为800 mg/L、吸附温度为303.15 K、吸附时间为60 min、初始MB质量浓度为20 mg/L的条件下,该分子筛对MB的吸附率达97%;溶液pH为5~12时,吸附率均达89%以上,说明该分子筛具有宽的pH适应范围;该分子筛对MB的吸附热力学符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,293.15~313.15 K的饱和吸附量达50.51~62.11 mg/g,吸附为吸热、自发过程;吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学方程。     

砷锑钼蓝分光光度法快速测定水和废水中的微量砷

研究了砷锑钼三元杂多酸的形成条件及其还原产物的光度性质。结果表明：显色体系呈大吸收位于８６５ｕｍ处,ε＇（８６５）＝２．１×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ（－１）·ｃｍ（－１）。在室温下能稳定２４ｈ。砷量在０—４０μｇ／１０ｍｌ遵守比尔定律,ｒ＝０．９９９１。用丘氏定砷器使砷呈ＡｓＨ３逸出分离。     

活性艳蓝X-BR的电化学行为及机理研究

采用循环伏安法、线性扫描伏安法及微分脉冲伏安法研究了活性艳蓝X BR在0 1mol·l- 1 KCl HCl溶液中的电化学行为 .研究发现 ,在 - 0 45V— 1 0VvsSCE电压范围内的循环过程中出现两对氧化还原电流峰 ,通过考察峰电压随溶液pH值的变化 ,提出了可能的电极反应机理 :阳极区的电极反应是属于失 1质子和 2电子的氧化反应 ,而阴极区的电极反应则是蒽醌基团被还原加氢成为氢醌基团的反应