Enhancement of MK-7 synthesis by engineered strains of Bacillus subtilis natto that overexpress men genes and by increasing available dissolved oxygen北大核心CSCD

In recent years, researchers have discovered novel physiological functions of vitamin K2. In addition to promoting blood clotting, it can prevent osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease and is expected to treat some tumors and Parkinson’s disease. Bacillus subtilis natto is a probiotic that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use as a bioproducer of vitamin K2. Its product’s main form is MK-7, which has a long half-life in the human body and high bioavailability. Bacillus subtilis natto displays great potential for large-scale biological preparation of vitamin K2. In this study, the Sipizizen method of Bacillus subtilis transformation was optimized to make it suitable for molecular transformation of Bacillus subtilis natto. Vectors for overexpression of all 8 genes involved in the menadione synthetic pathway were constructed, and changes in MK-7 fermentation yield after transformation of Bacillus subtilis natto were investigated. Three enzymes were found to exert significant effects on MK-7 synthesis, namely isopentenyltransferase (MenA), 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA synthase (MenB), and nornaphthoquinone methyltransferase (MenG). A modified strain (BN-pABG) with higher MK-7 productivity was obtained by concerted overexpression of menA, menB, and menG. In a 5 L bioreactor, MK-7 synthesis was further enhanced by optimizing oxygen supply. The final yield of MK-7 from the modified strain was 62.21 mg/L, 1.26 times higher than that of the original strain. These results show that combined overexpression of menA, menB, and menG strongly promotes MK-7 synthesis by Bacillus subtilis natto, and optimizing the oxygen supply conditions also promotes more robust MK-7 synthesis. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

城市间大气污染相互影响的VAR模型分析

基于以往研究多采用大气数值模式分析污染物在不同城市之间的输送规律及内外源的贡献率,现从时间序列角度引入一个新方法,应用向量自回归模型的格兰杰因果关系检验、脉冲响应函数及方差分解技术,对广州、佛山、肇庆2003-2012年逐日空气污染指数进行模拟演算,得到城市间大气污染相互影响效应及其贡献。结果表明,广佛地区污染源对肇庆空气质量影响突出,肇庆并未成为广州和佛山的主要污染源。城市间大气污染相互影响存在明显的滞后效应,前7期累积作用较明显,污染物的累积效应容易导致区域性灰霾天气出现。佛山对广州的污染贡献达到了10.9%,广州对佛山的污染贡献相对偏小,佛山对肇庆的污染贡献接近30%,广佛肇经济圈应形成区域性大气污染联防联治机制。     

基于PCA-LSSVM的厌氧废水处理系统出水VFA在线预测模型

采用IC厌氧废水处理系统处理人工合成废水,并利用PCA-LSSVM模型对系统出水挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)进行预测.首先利用主成分分析法(PCA)分析影响厌氧废水出水VFA浓度的多个变量的相关性并降低输入变量维数,然后用网格搜索结合10倍交叉验证优化LSSVM模型参数sig2和gam,最后利用建立的模型对实验数据进行仿真预测.仿真结果表明,稳态LSSVM模型对稳态条件下厌氧废水处理系统出水VFA具有很好的仿真预测能力,相对误差在4.72%以内,平均相对百分比误差(MAPE)为1.61%,均方根误差(RMSE)为1.08,相关系数达0.9996;稳态干扰LSSVM模型对厌氧废水处理系统出水VFA的仿真预测精度有所降低但仍然具有较好的预测能力,平均相对百分比误差(MAPE)为15.83%,均方根误差(RMSE)为15.45,相关系数为0.9984,该方法可为厌氧出水VFA在线预测和厌氧废水处理系统的优化控制提供指导.     

Leak location of pipelines based on transient model and PSO-SVM

An improved and integrated approach of support vector machine and particle swarm optimization theory (PSO-SVM) is first used to detect the leak location of pipelines and overcome the problem of multiple leaks. The calibration and predictive ability of improved PSO-SVM is investigated and compared with that of other common method, back-propagation neural network (BPNN). Two conditions are evaluated. One with a leak involves a set of 20 samples, while another with two leaks has 127 samples. Both internal and external validations are performed to validate the performance of the resulting models. The results show that, for the two conditions, the values calculated by improved PSO-SVM are in good agreement with those simulated by transient model, and the performances of improved PSO-SVM models are superior to those of BPNN. This paper provides a new and effective method to inspect the multiple leak locations, and also reveals that improved PSO-SVM can be used as a powerful tool for studying the leak of pipeline.     

基于支持向量机的洪水灾情综合评价模型

在阐述支持向量机的基本原理、二值分类和多值分类技术及各自特性的基础上，结合洪水灾情综合评价中受自然环境、社会经济等诸多因素的影响且实测样本资料较少的特点，以及目前已有评价模型不能或难以解决的小样本、“过学习”、局部最小等实际难题，提出了基于支持向量机的洪水灾情综合评价模型，并应用实例进行了验证。研究结果表明，此模型和传统的灾情评估法、人工神经网络评价模型一样有效合理，并且模型运算时间比人工神经网络模型要短。因此，不仅为洪水灾情综合评估提供了一种新的模型，而且由于支持向量机遵循统计学习理论中结构风险最小化的原理，具有解决有限样本、非线性及高维识别中的优势，必将比其他传统的评价模型得到更广泛的应用和发展。〖     

Organ targeted prenatal gene therapy—how far are we?

Prenatal gene therapy aims to deliver genes to cells and tissues early in prenatal life, allowing correction of a genetic defect, before long-term tissue damage has occurred. In contrast to postnatal gene therapy, prenatal application can target genes to a large population of dividing stem cells, and the smaller fetal size allows a higher vector-to-target cell ratio to be achieved. Early-gestation delivery may allow the development of immune tolerance to the transgenic protein which would facilitate postnatal repeat vector administration if needed. Targeting particular organs will depend on manipulating the vector to achieve selective tropism and on choosing the most appropriate gestational age and injection method for fetal delivery. Intra-amniotic injection reaches the skin, and other organs that are bathed in the fluid however since gene transfer to the lung and gut is usually poor more direct injection methods will be needed. Delivery to the liver and blood can be achieved by systemic delivery via the umbilical vein or peritoneal cavity. Gene transfer to the central nervous system in the fetus is difficult but newer vectors are available that transduce neuronal tissue even after systemic delivery. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of Self-Compatibility on the Distribution Range of Invasive European Plants in North America

Abstract:  Many plant species have been introduced to new continents, but only a small subset of these have become invasive. It has been predicted that self-compatible species, particularly those that do not need the services of pollinators, are more likely to establish and spread after long-distance dispersal. We tested whether this hypothesis, commonly called Baker's law, applies to 361 species that have invaded the United States from Europe. Species capable of autonomous seed production occurred in significantly more states than species requiring a pollen vector. Moreover, of the species that are not capable of autonomous seed production, self-compatible species occurred in significantly more states than those that are not self-compatible. The positive effect of autonomous seed production on the range of invasion was larger for abiotically pollinated species than for biotically pollinated species and for monocarpic species than for polycarpic species. These results support Baker's law, and we recommend that screening protocols for predicting invasiveness of species considered for introduction should include assessment of their breeding system.     

基于差异进化支持向量机的坑外土体沉降预测

就用支持向量机(SVM)预测基坑外土体沉降而言,通过差异进化(DE)算法构造适合的决策函数十分重要。在确定坑外土体沉降函数的基本形式下,进行参数反演。后将得到的解析式作为SVM的决策函数,再进行核函数转换,从而使SVM的曲线拟合更加快速,预测更加准确。对大连地铁湾家车站基坑坑外土体的沉降数据的分析及预测的结果表明,使用SVM-DE算法在计算数据量、计算消耗时间和预测精度方面优于2种方法单独使用。     

PCA-SVR在煤层瓦斯含量预测中的应用

针对煤层瓦斯含量与其影响因素之间存在着复杂的非线性关系,建立了基于主成分分析和支持向量回归机的煤层瓦斯含量预测模型。该模型有效地解决了小样本、非线性预测的问题,并发挥了主成分分析法消除输入变量间相关性的优点,减少了输入变量个数,提高了预测精度和收敛速度。通过实证分析,该模型的预测精度高,能够直接用于煤矿现场预测煤层瓦斯含量。     

基于支持向量机的室内轰燃预测模型研究

为对室内轰燃进行准确预测,针对室内轰燃样本的不足在一定程度上制约了其应用,为此运用SVM技术构建室内轰燃预测的数学模型。在小样本条件下,应用工具软件LIBSVM进行仿真,并将SVM模型预测结果和人工神经网络预测结果进行对比。结果显示,SVM技术能较好地解决小样本和模型预测精确度之间的矛盾,SVM模型其预测精度及可行性高于神经网络模型。实例表明,由于室内火灾受多种因素影响,传统的预测方法存在一定的局限性,而SVM模型预测法预测的结果与试验结果比较一致。