有色冶金区土壤-蔬菜系统重金属污染特征及健康风险分析

采用对应采样方法研究大冶有色冶炼厂周围地区土壤、蔬菜中Cd、Cu、Pb和As的含量,并对蔬菜重金属污染状况、富集能力及健康风险进行了分析。结果表明,研究区土壤重金属污染严重,Cd、Cu、Pb和As平均含量分别达5.28、193.37、93.83和36.56 mg/kg,分别为湖北省对应元素土壤背景值的31.06、6.30、3.51和2.97倍,表现为以Cd为主的多种重金属共同污染。与《食品中污染物限量》(GB2762-2012)标准比较,蔬菜中Cd和Cu含量的样本超标率分别为68%和6%,而As、Pb的含量均不超标。蔬菜中重金属富集能力的排序为:CdCuAsPb,叶菜类蔬菜对Cd、Cu、Pb和As的富集系数均高于非叶菜类蔬菜。土壤和蔬菜重金属综合质量指数达10.07,为重度污染。研究区人群通过蔬菜摄入As、Cd的目标危险系数均大于1,存在As、Cd暴露的健康风险;成人和儿童食用蔬菜而摄入重金属的TTHQ分别为2.11~5.06和2.78~6.64,儿童比成人遭受的健康风险更大,并且距离冶炼厂越近,所遭受的健康风险越大。蔬菜中重金属的复合污染已使大冶有色冶炼厂周围居民面临潜在的健康风险。     

啤酒废水灌溉对6种蔬菜硝酸盐亚硝酸盐含量的影响

通过啤酒废水灌溉对６种蔬菜硝酸盐等的影响研究认为：啤酒废水灌溉对６种蔬菜灰分含量无明显影响;明显提高莴苣、马铃薯和甘蓝中维生素Ｃ的含量;提高韭菜、莴苣和甘蓝硝酸盐的含量;降低大葱硝酸盐的含量;可提高韭菜和马铃薯中亚硝酸盐的含量,而对于大葱、莴苣、小白菜和甘蓝中亚硝酸盐含量无明显影响     

Assessment and mapping of environmental quality in agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province, China

Heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province were monitored to indicate the status of heavy metal contamination and assess environmental quality of agricultural soils. A total of 908 soil samples were collected from 38 counties in Zbejiang Province and eight heavy metal （Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni and As） concentrations had been evaluated in agricultural soil. It was found 775 samples were unpolluted and 133 samples were slightly polluted and more respectively, that is approximately 14.65% agricultural soil samples had the heavy metal concentration above the threshold level in this province by means of Nemerow＇s synthetical pollution index method according to the second grade of Standards for Soil Environmental Quality of China （GB15618- 1995）. Contamination of Cd was the highest, followed by Ni, As and Zn were lower correspondingly. Moreover, Inverse Distance Weighted （IDW） interpolation method was used to make an assessment map of soil environmental quality based on the Nemerow＇s pollution index and the soil environmental quality was categorized into five grades. Moreover, ten indices were calculated as input parameters for principal component analysis （PCA） and the principal components （PCs） were created to compare environmental quality of different soils and regions. The results revealed that environmental quality of tea soils was better than that of paddy soils, vegetable soils and fruit soils. This study indicated that GIS combined with multivariate statistical approaches proved to be effective and powerful tool in the mapping of soil contamination distribution and the assessment of soil environmental quality on provincial scale, which is beneficial to environmental protection and management decision-making by local government.     

Single-phase and two-phase anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable waste: Comparison of start-up,reactor stability and process performance

Single-phase and two-phase digestion of fruit and vegetable waste were studied to compare reactor start-up, reactor stability and performance (methane yield, volatile solids reduction and energy yield). The single-phase reactor (SPR) was a conventional reactor operated at a low loading rate (maximum of 3.5 kg VS/m³ d), while the two-phase system consisted of an acidification reactor (TPAR) and a methanogenic reactor (TPMR). The TPAR was inoculated with methanogenic sludge similar to the SPR, but was operated with step-wise increase in the loading rate and with total recirculation of reactor solids to convert it into acidification sludge. Before each feeding, part of the sludge from TPAR was centrifuged, the centrifuge liquid (solubilized products) was fed to the TPMR and centrifuged solids were recycled back to the reactor. Single-phase digestion produced a methane yield of 0.45 m³ CH₄/kg VS fed and VS removal of 83%. The TPAR shifted to acidification mode at an OLR of 10.0 kg VS/m³ d and then achieved stable performance at 7.0 kg VS/m³ d and pH 5.5–6.2, with very high substrate solubilization rate and a methane yield of 0.30 m³ CH₄/kg COD fed. The two-phase process was capable of high VS reduction, but material and energy balance showed that the single-phase process was superior in terms of volumetric methane production and energy yield by 33%. The lower energy yield of the two-phase system was due to the loss of energy during hydrolysis in the TPAR and the deficit in methane production in the TPMR attributed to COD loss due to biomass synthesis and adsorption of hard COD onto the flocs. These results including the complicated operational procedure of the two-phase process and the economic factors suggested that the single-phase process could be the preferred system for FVW.     

Capacity and degree of iodine absorbed and enriched by vegetable from soil

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｏｄｉｎｅｉｓａｋｅｙｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｎｇｔｈｙｒｏｘｉｎ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｐｌａｙｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌｅｉｎｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆｔｈｅｈｕｍａｎｂｏｄｙ.Ｔｈｙｒｏｘｉｎｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｓｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓ,ｒｅｇｕｌａｔｅｓｅｎｅｒｇｙｃｏｎｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ ,ｐｒｅｓｅｒｖｅｓｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｅｎｔｒａｌｎｅｒｖｏｕｓｓｙｓｔｅｍ ,ａｎｄｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｓｎｏｒｍａｌｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ .Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ ,ｏｎｃｅｔｈｅ…     

城郊菜园土污染状况调查与评价

南京市郊菜园土中Ａｓ、Ｈｇ、Ｃｄ、Ｐｂ四种元素的含量呈逐年上升趋势。除Ａｓ外，其余３种元素的含量均为土壤背景值的２￣３倍。综合评价表明，供试土样中约５０％以上的样点不再适宜种植蔬菜作物而只宜作林业用地或城建、道路及工矿用地。     

氟化氢对水稻和青菜产量的影响

利用开顶式熏气装置,对水稻和青菜进行长时间的HF暴露试验。通过在熏气过程中对叶片电导率、含氟量和脯氨酸的分析比较,以及在熏气结束后对水稻穗数、千粒重和青菜鲜重的生物量统计测定,讨论和评价了HF对该作物产量的影响。     

晋陕蒙接壤区蔬菜生产的现状及发展对策

本文针对晋陕蒙接壤区能源重化工基地建设过程中，蔬菜生产的现状、存在的问题和解决方案等内容展开了深入的讨论。在多次实地考察和大量数据分析的基础上，本文认为，由于恶劣的自然环境条件和落后的种植方式的影响，该地区蔬菜生产的水平很低，无法适应大规模经济开发的需要。分析结果表明，该地区蔬菜生产的薄弱环节是淡季时间长，保护地生产所占比重甚小，专业化生产的程度低。结合作者本人在当地布点试验的成功经验和这一地区的实际情况，本文提出发展该地区蔬菜生产的对策为重点发展经济效益较高的保护地蔬菜的生产，以带动一般大路菜的生产和促进农业种植业的改革。在蔬菜生产基地的布局原则上，本文提出，应以目前的和规划中的重点城市为主要集散地和中心市场，以重点城市和重点工矿区为主要保障供给对象；在技术路线上，提出有重点、分批次和分阶段建设的方针；在组织措施上，提出完善各种市场调节机制，重视和引进科技力量，以及需要政府的有关单位作好扶持和推广工作等等。     

苯酚对蔬菜幼苗生长及氧化酶同工酶的影响

含酚污水是当前世界上危害大,污染范围广的一种工业污染源.未经处理直接排放到市郊农村的工业污水严重污染农业生态环境.一些学者就其对鱼类、小麦的毒性影     

Treatment and utilization of septic tank effluent using vertical-flow constructed wetlands and vegetable hydroponics

Vertical flow constructed wetlands is a typical ecological sanitation system for sewage treatment.The removal rates COD,BOD5,SS,TN and TP were 60%,80%,74%,49%and 79%,respectively,when septic tank effluent was treated by vertical flow filter.So the concentration of COD and BOD5 in the treated effluent could meet the quality standard for irrigation water.After that the treated effluent was used for hydroponic cultivation of water spinach and romaine lettuce,the removal efficiencies of the whole system for COD, BOD5,SS, TN and Tpwere 71.4%,97.5%,96.9%,86.3%,and 87.4%,respectively.And it could meet the integrated wastewater discharge standard for secondary biological treatment plant.It was found that using treated effluent for hydroponic cultivation of vegetables could reduce the nitrate content in vegetables.The removal rates for total bacteria and coliform index by using vertical flow bed system with cinder substrate were 80%-90% and 85%-96%,respectively.