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371.
372.
Anagnostopoulos Konstantinos Flamos Alexandros Askounis Dimitris Psarras John 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2004,9(2):147-180
Joint Implementation (JI) and theClean Development Mechanism (CDM) have beenestablished under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Kyoto Protocol asproject-based instruments to mitigategreenhouse gases of the industrialisedcountries to the levels imposed by theirKyoto commitments. An outstanding issueassociated with the implementation of thesetwo flexibility mechanisms concerns thechoice of appropriate baseline forcalculating the emission reductions. Thispaper applies a computerised tool thatconstructs and compares different types ofstandardised baselines for projects inIndonesia, Panama and the RussianFederation. It evaluates the effects of theselection of different baselines to theenvironmental integrity of the two Kyotomechanisms. 相似文献
373.
Because of concerns with the growing threat of global climate change from increasing emissions of greenhouse gases, the United States and other countries are implementing, by themselves or in cooperation with one or more other nations, climate change projects. These projects will reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or sequester carbon, and will also result in non-GHG benefits (i.e., environmental, economic, and social benefits). Monitoring, evaluating, reporting, and verifying (MERV) guidelines are needed for these projects to accurately determine their net GHG, and other, benefits. Implementation of MERV guidelines is also intended to: (1) increase the reliability of data for estimating GHG benefits; (2) provide real-time data so that mid-course corrections can be made; (3) introduce consistency and transparency across project types and reporters; and (4) enhance the credibility of the projects with stakeholders. In this paper, we review the issues involved in MERV activities. We identify several topics that future protocols and guidelines need to address, such as: (1) establishing a credible baseline; (2) accounting for impacts outside project boundaries through leakage; (3) net GHG reductions and other benefits; (4) precision of measurement; (5) MERV frequency and the persistence (sustainability) of savings, emissions reduction, and carbon sequestration; (6) reporting by multiple project participants; (7) verification of GHG reduction credits; (8) uncertainty and risk; (9) institutional capacity in conducting MERV; and (10) the cost of MERV. 相似文献
374.
本文针对晋陕蒙接壤区能源重化工基地建设过程中,蔬菜生产的现状、存在的问题和解决方案等内容展开了深入的讨论。在多次实地考察和大量数据分析的基础上,本文认为,由于恶劣的自然环境条件和落后的种植方式的影响,该地区蔬菜生产的水平很低,无法适应大规模经济开发的需要。分析结果表明,该地区蔬菜生产的薄弱环节是淡季时间长,保护地生产所占比重甚小,专业化生产的程度低。结合作者本人在当地布点试验的成功经验和这一地区的实际情况,本文提出发展该地区蔬菜生产的对策为重点发展经济效益较高的保护地蔬菜的生产,以带动一般大路菜的生产和促进农业种植业的改革。在蔬菜生产基地的布局原则上,本文提出,应以目前的和规划中的重点城市为主要集散地和中心市场,以重点城市和重点工矿区为主要保障供给对象;在技术路线上,提出有重点、分批次和分阶段建设的方针;在组织措施上,提出完善各种市场调节机制,重视和引进科技力量,以及需要政府的有关单位作好扶持和推广工作等等。 相似文献
375.
Introduction C arbon dioxide, m ethane and nitrous oxide play im portant roles in the radiation balance of the earth contributing to the greenhouse effect (Rodhe, 1990). N 2O also takes part in the destruction of stratospheric ozone (W ang, 1999). N atura… 相似文献
376.
农业废弃物对土壤中N_2O、CO_2释放和土壤氮素转化及pH的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用一种丹麦农业土壤作为供试材料,在室内培养条件下探讨了施用4种常见农业废弃物(猪粪泥浆、牛粪泥浆、黑麦秸秆、小麦秸秆)对土壤中N_2O、CO_2释放和土壤氮素转化及pH的影响。试验结果表明,施用4种农业废物均会明显增加N_2O、CO_2释放量。培养2周后,土壤中N_2O的释放量分别为:猪粪>牛粪>黑麦秸秆>小麦秸秆;CO_2的释放量为:黑麦秸秆>小麦秸秆>牛粪>猪粪。施用4种农业废物均会显著促进NO_3-N的转化和NH_4-N、NO_2-N的累积。施用4种废物均会改变土壤pH,其中施用秸秆的2个处理中pH显著降低,但施用牲畜粪便的2个处理中pH则稍微升高。 相似文献
377.
378.
Vertical flow constructed wetlands is a typical ecological sanitation system for sewage treatment.The removal rates COD,BOD5,SS,TN and TP were 60%,80%,74%,49%and 79%,respectively,when septic tank effluent was treated by vertical flow filter.So the concentration of COD and BOD5 in the treated effluent could meet the quality standard for irrigation water.After that the treated effluent was used for hydroponic cultivation of water spinach and romaine lettuce,the removal efficiencies of the whole system for COD, BOD5,SS, TN and Tpwere 71.4%,97.5%,96.9%,86.3%,and 87.4%,respectively.And it could meet the integrated wastewater discharge standard for secondary biological treatment plant.It was found that using treated effluent for hydroponic cultivation of vegetables could reduce the nitrate content in vegetables.The removal rates for total bacteria and coliform index by using vertical flow bed system with cinder substrate were 80%-90% and 85%-96%,respectively. 相似文献
379.
呈贡县无公害蔬菜种植基地环境质量现状调查分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
经调查,昆明市呈贡县2 3万亩无公害蔬菜种植基地的环境质量,符合无公害蔬菜生产基地对产地环境的要求,为生产无公害蔬菜提供了科学依据,提出了持续无公害蔬菜生产环境的对策和建议。 相似文献
380.
TAI Pei-dong LI Pei-jun SUN Tie-heng HE Yao-wu ZHOU Qi-xing GONG Zong-qiang Motoyuki Mizuochi Yuhei Inamori 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2002,14(1):27-33
IntroductionCH4 andN2 Oproducedfrommunicipalsewagesystem ,asimportantpartofanthropogenicemissionofgreenhousegasesintoatmosphere ,haveattractedworldwideattentioninrecentyearsbecauseoftheirassociationwithglobalwarming .Asaresultofthis,numerousstudieshavebee… 相似文献