菜田养分资源综合管理与可持续发展

过量施肥通常导致集约化菜田土壤质量劣化、养分利用效率低及环境风险增加。合理的养分资源管理需要考虑蔬菜的养分吸收规律、土壤养分的迁移和转化及环境养分供应的特点。由于土壤氮素具有较强的移动性,氮素养分资源管理可通过根层氮素实时监控来实现;而磷和钾养分水平在土壤中相对比较稳定,可采取衡量监控技术决定养分的需要量。菜田有机肥的投入总量及其氮磷养分的释放特点也是养分资源管理中的重要内容。有机肥施用于新菜田应考虑“以氮定量”的原则,而施用于土壤有效磷过量累积的老菜田,应采取“以磷定量”原则,来控制有机肥中的磷素投入;根据不同有机肥的氮磷释放特点的差异,可搭配施用不同比例和类型有机肥,以满足作物主要生育期的养分需求,减少环境污染的风险。     

杭州市郊菜区大气及蔬菜中氟化物的含量和分布

本文分析调查了杭州市郊菜区大气及一些主要蔬菜中氟化物的含量及分布，并对蔬菜中氟化物含量与大气氟污染的关系进行了相关分析。结果表明，杭州市郊菜区个别蔬菜中氟化物含量已超过有关标准，这主要与工业污染源的分布有关；蔬菜中氟化物含量与大气氟浓度之间存在着明显的相关关系。     

Status of Cadmium Concentration in Soil and Vegetable Irrigated with City Effluent

Cadmium is a toxic and carcinogenic element[1].In the1950s and 1960s,cadmium intoxication was considered to bestrictly an occupational disease.It was not until recognition of thecontribution of cadmium exposure to the etiology of Itai-itai dis-ease.It is …     

叶菜类蔬菜硝酸盐含量及其与土壤肥力因素的关系

对长沙市蔬菜生产基地春夏季节3种叶菜类蔬菜硝酸盐含量进行测定并与对应的菜园土壤8个肥力因素进行相关分析。结果表明,叶菜类蔬菜中,以小白菜硝酸盐含量最高,平均含量为3336±1359mg/kg,污染最严重;所调查的14个样本中超过四级标准达到严重污染水平的占64%以上。叶菜类蔬菜硝酸盐含量与土壤硝酸盐含量呈正相关,其中小白菜和苋菜相应的相关系数和通径分析系数均达5%以上显著水平。土壤硝酸盐含量是影响叶菜类蔬菜硝酸盐含量的主要土壤肥力因素。     

东莞市蔬菜硝酸盐污染现状研究

通过对东莞市11种蔬菜48个样品中硝酸盐质量分数的分析，初步摸清了东莞市蔬菜硝酸盐的污染状况。分析结果表明，硝酸盐检出率为100％，其中21个样品的硝酸盐质量分数超标，超标率为46．5％；叶菜类最高检出值为国家标准的2．6倍；瓜果类最高检出值为国家标准的2．98倍。     

广东山区反季节蔬菜栽培研究──以信宜县山区为例

本文在对信宜县山区农业气候资源进行深入研究分析的基础上，根据各种蔬菜的生物学特性，提出了信宜县山区露地种植反季节蔬菜的适宜海拔高度和栽培措施，为广东省山区合理利用垂直气候资源，发展反季节蔬菜生产提供了科学依据。     

农村蔬菜废物高温好氧降解协同性及动力学

对太湖流域农村典型蔬菜废物进行了高温好氧降解试验,结果表明,好氧降解d14末有机物降解率大小顺序为:叶菜皮>竹笋壳>叶菜皮 竹笋壳>叶菜皮 茭白壳>茭白壳.对于混合物料,叶菜皮 竹笋壳组有机物降解后期(6~14d)存在非协同降解关系,其主要是由于其难降解组分后期降解存在抑制导致而成;叶菜皮 茭白壳则呈独立降解关系.蔬菜废物高温好氧降解符合一级动力学,降解速率常数在0.036~0.100d-1之间,各不同组物料降解速率大小顺序为:叶菜皮>笋壳>叶菜皮 竹笋壳>叶菜皮 茭白壳>茭白壳.统计分析表明,降解速率与物料纤维素初始浓度相关性最好,指数模型拟和效果最优,可作为蔬菜废物高温好氧降解速率常数的经验公式.图3表6参16     

Do Hydroelectric Dams Mitigate Global Warming? The Case of Brazil's CuruÁ-una Dam

Hydroelectric dams in tropical forest areas emit greenhouse gases, as illustrated by the Curuá-Una Dam in the Amazonian portion of Brazil. Emissions include carbon dioxide from decay of the above-water portions of trees that are left standing in the reservoir and methane from soft vegetation that decays under anaerobic conditions on the bottom of the reservoir, especially macrophytes (water weeds) and vegetation that grows in the drawdown zone and is flooded when the reservoir water level rises. Some methane is released from the reservoir surface through bubbling and diffusion, but larger amounts are released from water passing through the turbines and spillway. Methane concentration in the water increases with depth, and the turbines and spillway draw water from sufficient depth to have substantial methane content. In 1990 (13 years after filling), the Curuá-Una Dam emitted 3.6 times more greenhouse gases than would have been emitted by generating the same amount of electricity from oil.     

Emission inventory on company level: lessons from Russia

Developing a transparent,accurate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissionsinventory is the first step toward buildingan effective GHG management system. Todate, GHG inventories have been conductedprimarily at national levels. Theinternationally accepted inventorymethodology developed by theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) is oriented to countrywideinventories. The electricity company RAOUESR is the largest single corporateemitter of GHG in the Russian Federation. The company is responsible for about 1/3 ofRussia's CO₂ emissions; RAO's fossil fuelemissions are comparable to the fossil fuelemissions of the United Kingdom. The GHGinventory prepared by RAO is the first suchcorporate emissions inventory undertaken ina non-OECD country. In this article wepresent a detailed independent examinationof the methodology RAO applied for theinventory. We identify the most importantsources of uncertainty and we estimate theuncertainty. The main conclusion of theindependent review is that the methodologyutilized by RAO and the informationsupporting the methodology are reliable andpresent a reasonably accurate company-widepicture of RAO's CO₂ emissions. The shareof other greenhouse gases is negligiblysmall and we did not focus on this fractionof RAO's GHG emissions. As a next step, RAOmay wish to conduct more precisefacility-by-facility inventories in orderto create a robust GHG emission managementsystem.     

Simulated seasonal movement of precipitation zone in rainy season over China and its change on CO_2-doubling

In this paper, an investigation of simulated monthly precipitations from April to September is made. Though the precipitations are sometimes overestimated or underestimated, the geographical advance and recession of precipitation zones are well simulated by the UKMO global climate model with a simple mixed-layer ocean. Main characteristics of large-scale precipitation distribution are changed less on CO2-doubling, but the change is significant in some regions. The change in precipitation threatens us while the dry region is imposed by rainfall defect or the wet region by abundant rainfall induced by CO2-doubling.