紫色土区裸露地植被恢复技术

通过现场调查和样方调查法,分别调查衡阳市紫色岩裸露地的地形、地貌、气候、母岩、土壤等因子,以及植被分布、生态环境、植物生长等.在此基础上,采用对比研究法,有选择地进行植物及其配置模式的适宜性试验、整地方式的对比试验、宜林型紫色土经济林树种选择试验,评价不同立地条件类型下的植物适宜性与不同配置模式群落的生态适宜性及水土保持能力,最终筛选出不同立地条件类型下适宜的植物及其配置模式与整地方式,为紫色土裸露地植被恢复与宜林地经济开发提供理论依据和技术基础.表18,参11.     

尖山河小流域土壤可蚀性K值空间变异研究

小流域尺度的土壤可蚀性 K 值空间分异特征及其与土地利用、植被类型、土壤理化性质等相关关系的研究,可以为小流域土壤侵蚀定量研究及综合治理决策提供科学依据。以云南省抚仙湖库区尖山河小流域为研究区,在大密度土壤采样和土壤理化性质测试分析的基础上,采用EPIC模型K值计算方法、地统计学方法和Kriging空间插值方法,计算分析了尖山河小流域土壤可蚀性K值的空间变异特征及土地利用/植被覆盖对K值的影响作用。结果表明,（1）研究区K值变化范围为0.1628-0.3836,均值为0.2824,中值为0.2885,均值与中值相近似,表明K值分布较均匀;变异系数为17.98%, K值存在中等程度的空间变异性。（2）不同土壤质地类型的K值存在一定差异,研究区主要土壤质地类型K值从大到小依次为粉壤〉壤土〉粘壤〉砂壤。（3）研究区以中可侵蚀性（0.25-0.30）、中高可侵蚀性（0.30-0.35）和中低可侵蚀性（0.20-0.25）土壤为主,面积分别为1797.88 hm2、1185.51 hm2和542.32 hm2,分别占小流域总面积的50.76%、33.47%和15.31%,而高可侵蚀性（〉0.35）土壤和较低可侵蚀性（0.15-0.20）土壤分布面积较少,无低可侵蚀性（〈0.15）土壤;在空间分布上,北部高山区土壤具有中低可侵蚀性,中、南部的低海拔区土壤具有中高可侵蚀性,中、南部其余区域土壤具有中可侵蚀性,这种空间分布与海拔存在较强的相关关系。（4）土地利用/植被覆盖对K值具有明显的影响作用,研究区主要土地利用/植被覆盖类型 K 值从小到大依次为林地〈灌草地〈荒草地〈旱平地〈园地〈旱坡地〈水田,需频繁松土、除草、耕作和扰动的土地利用/植被覆盖类型（园地、旱坡地、旱平地和水田）其K值较大,而无需耕作、扰动小的土地利用/植被覆盖类型（林地、荒草地和灌草地）其K值较小,这表?     

茶树上游猎型蜘蛛功能团对景观低碳管理模式的反应

目前温室效应加剧、生物多样性减少以及农田环境污染加重等问题已成为关注的焦点。由于蜘蛛是环境变化的指示标志和农业生中的重要捕食性天敌。通过选择茶树上游猎型蜘蛛为研究对象,调查分析景观低碳管理模式茶园（JG）与习惯管理模式茶园（XG）对茶树上游猎型蜘蛛组成、结构以及群落数量特征的影响。结果表明：JG茶园茶树上游猎型蜘蛛种类较多,有8个科,18个种;XG茶园有6个科,13个种;优势种和丰盛种中,JG茶园个体数为375头、195头,比XG茶园分别提高1.16、0.33倍。JG与XG两类茶园的蜘蛛种群数量特征在年龄结构、性别比例方面存在显著差异（P＜0.001）;JG茶园雌蛛个体数为157头、雄蛛个体数为320头,是XG茶园的1.12和1.32倍;JG茶园成蛛与幼蛛个体数是XG茶园的1.25和0.87倍,成蛛比幼蛛高出46.32%,而XG茶园成蛛比幼蛛高出21.82%;JG茶园蜘蛛种群数量特征发生动态显著高于XG茶园（P＜0.05）。JG茶园蜘蛛多样性指数和丰富度指数比XG茶园增加16.46%和12.14%。主成分分析表明,第一、二主成分累计贡献率达50.47%, JG茶园位置明显接近光盔蛛科（Liocranidae）、圆颚蛛科（Corinnidae）、跳蛛科（Salticidae）和管巢蛛科（Clubionidae）等蜘蛛群落数量分布较多的方向偏移,而XG茶园则向盗蛛科（Pisauridae）和猫蛛科（Oxyopidae）等蜘蛛群落数量分布较少方向靠近。由此可知,茶园实行低碳管理,实行复合种植,有利于减少CO2气体排放,保护茶树上游猎型蜘蛛种类多样性,提高对害虫的自然控制能力,为茶园固碳增汇,茶叶产值提高打下了基础。     

The evaluation of ecology-based tourism potential in coastal villages in accordance with landscape values and user demands: the Bursa-Mudanya-Kumyaka case

Ecology-based tourism, which is integrated with nature, developed in environmentally conscious areas and enriched by different cultures, has become more important in the direction of extending tourism throughout the year. While the landscape values of the area are important functions for tourism activities to be carried out in natural characteristics, the preferences of the users are also important. Ecology-based tourism, which develops in connection with the concepts of intacteness, the protection-use balance and sustainability, and the demands and expectations of tourists, constitute the basis of our study. For this purpose, the study was carried out in Kumyaka, a small coastal neighborhood (village) of the county of Mudanya in the province Bursa, Turkey with important natural, historical and cultural assets. Fieldwork, field analysis, literature search, interviews with tourists coming to the field, interviews with the day trippers and survey work were conducted in the study. While evaluating the ecology-based tourism potential of the area, the demands and expectations of tourists have been taken into account together with the available area data. According to the results of the survey, tourists are mostly interested in having the most scenic value and quietness when choosing the area. The types of tourism that tourists most wanted to experience in the field were 42.38% culture tourism and 32.32% nature tourism. As a result of tourists’ demands and expectations, the tourism activities to be carried out in accordance with the possibilities of the area were examined and ecology based planning proposals and holistic planning approaches were developed.     

武陵山片区城乡收入差距空间格局及影响因素

运用探索性空间数据分析、空间滞后模型和空间误差模型3种方法分析了武陵山片区城乡收入差距的空间格局特征及影响因素。结果表明:①2013—2017年,武陵山片区高差距区的数量先增后减,低差距区数量呈增加趋势。②武陵山片区城乡收入差距的莫兰指数为正,表现为空间正相关集聚。③城乡收入差距的主要影响因素为经济发展水平、城镇化进程程度等,但在不同时期存在差异。在研究基础上,提出对策建议,以更好地缩小武陵山片区整体收入差距,促进社会良好与稳定发展。     

基于Sentinel-2的江苏省植被生物物理特征反演

Sentinel-2作为新型独特的光学对地观测遥感卫星,因拥有对植被生物监测的红光边缘波段而备受关注.植被生物物理特征对监测植被生长状况及研究全球碳氮循环过程等都具有重要意义.然而,在小尺度上利用统计模型方法进行植被理化参数反演的研究比较多,在大尺度上利用生物物理参数快速、高精度反演的研究较少.因此,本文以江苏省为研究...     

Landscape disturbance caused by non-renewable energy production in a semi-arid region: a case study on the Russian steppe

Exploration and development of oil and gas (O&G) energy resources can create large-scale and permanent landscape effects that are best measured and understood via fieldwork and geospatial technologies. In this article, we examine O&G surface disturbance in the Orenburg steppe region of southwestern Russia for the year 2015. Utilizing field surveys, remote-sensing data and geographic information system (GIS) techniques, we apply a two-pronged approach. First, we map and measure the landscape infrastructure footprint (LIF) to determine the pattern and extent of direct surface disturbance created by O&G facilities and access roads. Second, we conduct a site suitability analysis to identify specific O&G production locations that are most vulnerable to environmental degradation. The approach considers both the particular properties of hydrocarbon production and specific natural features of steppe zones. Suitability patterns represent three indicators: two morphometric parameters (slope and aspect) and one spatial (the remoteness of O&G objects from water bodies). Our findings suggest that O&G production disturbs just over 3% of soil-vegetation cover in our study plot, while more than 13% of O&G objects are located in unsuitable zones based on topographic aspect, and about 11% lie in unsuitable zones regarding distance to water.     

SWOT analysis for socio-ecological landscape variation as a precursor to the management of the mountainous Kanshi watershed,Salt Range of Pakistan

Variations in geo-environmental attributes differ strongly from those of urban anthropogenic structures. Similarly, these types of structures are self-directed and arranged and prone to abrupt process-related changes and modifications. Thus, there are many reasons why planned urbanization forms in association with disturbances in ecosystem mobility. The current research highlights these variations in the context of social–cultural assessments within the Jhelum River watershed, which strongly expresses urbanization structure development mechanisms. The climate ranges from semi-arid to subhumid subtropical and sub-mountainous climate, though the extreme temperatures may rise as high as 49.4°C in June and may drop as low as ?1.6°C in January. The rainfall is low in the southwest and gradually increases towards the northeast, whereas the Salt Range is the major topographic feature that controls climatic impacts and promotes sustainable development. Cross-disciplinary methods are adopted in this investigation to assess the social–ecological landscape system (SELS) in terms of its mobility and degree of urbanization. The Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda recognize that human livelihoods and the management of natural resources cannot be addressed separately. Investing in the sustainability of mountain communities and ecosystem conservation and protection will provide benefits for humanity as a whole. It pertains to the commensurate development of the SELS and its response to interruptions. Thus, a reliable SWOT analysis for management approaches is introduced that may enable the development of competencies that promote and lead towards rapid improvements in the sustainability of retrograde urban infrastructure, including watersheds.     

北京河流大型底栖动物空间格局及其环境响应研究

大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性对于区域河流环境状况具有重要的指示意义。基于2014年5月—2015年8月间北京市河流大型底栖动物群落结构调查数据,分析底栖动物的生物多样性特征和空间格局。调查共发现大型底栖动物151种(或分类单元),隶属于5门9纲67科127属,水生昆虫占绝对优势。聚类分析表明76个采样点可被分为4组,组1主要包含北部山区的潮白河水系,具有较为典型的山溪型河流底栖动物特征,组2主要包含永定河山峡段和北运河水系的清河,组3主要包含大清河水系和北运河水系的温榆河、北沙河、南沙河等,二者具有城市河流兼有山溪型河流底栖动物的特征,组4主要包含北运河水系,具有典型的城市河流底栖动物特征。优势种分析表明:组1的优势种为热水四节蜉(Baetis thermicus)、秀丽白虾(Exopalaemon modestus)和网栖石蛾(Cheumatopsyche sp.),组2为直突摇蚊(Orthocladius sp.)、钩虾(Gammarus sp.)和长足摇蚊(Tanypus sp.),组3为摇蚊科幼虫(larvae of Chironomidae)和寡毛类(Oligochaeta),组4是以中华摇蚊(Chironomus sinicus)为代表的摇蚊幼虫。功能摄食类群研究表明:组1以收集者和滤食者占绝对优势,相对丰度分别为60%和29.6%;组2、组3、组4均以收集者占绝对优势,相对丰度分别为97.7%、90%、97.5%。物种数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数的组间差异性显著(P0.05)。研究表明,北京河流大型底栖动物受河流自然环境变化的影响显著,形成了典型的山区-城市底栖动物空间格局,山区河流中保持了较高的生物多样性,城市河流及其过渡区的大型底栖动物退化明显,大型底栖动物能够明显指示环境状况的变化并可指导河流环境的保护与恢复。     

城市新城区公园沟塘沉积物磷释放风险及影响因素分析

以合肥蜀峰湾体育公园5个水塘和3条沟渠为对象,采集表层沉积物及上覆水样,测算不同季节表层沉积物磷平衡浓度（EPC₀）,并解析其对外源碳或氮添加的响应,据此评估沉积物磷释放风险水平,识别主要环境影响因素.结果表明,该城市公园沟塘沉积物磷素污染处于轻-中度污染水平,总磷（TP）含量为209.28~713.51 mg·kg^-1,生物有效磷含量占TP的质量分数为18.51%~36.21%;环境背景情形下水塘沉积物EPC₀变化范围为0.012~0.142 mg·L^-1（均值0.057 mg·L^-1）,沟渠EPC₀变化范围为0.036~0.156 mg·L^-1（均值0.078 mg·L^-1）;外源碳的添加导致水塘1、3和沟渠1的EPC₀值升高（其中水塘3上升约47.5%）,提高了沉积物磷释放风险,其余沟塘沉积物EPC₀值则出现下降（特别是水塘5下降约58.6%）,意味着磷释放风险水平下降;而在外源氮添加情形下,所有沟塘沉积物EPC₀值都出现了不同程度的下降（沟渠1、2的夏季情形除外）,特别是水塘2表现尤为显著（下降约51.6%）,表明沟塘沉积物磷吸收存在氮限制性;根据偏最小二乘回归分析（PLSR）结果,氮、磷对水塘和沟渠沉积物的EPC₀值影响存在差异.