农业源头流域景观异质性与溪流水质耦合关系

以丹江口库区胡家山流域为研究区域,分析了溪流枯、丰水期的水质变化特征,结合流域和河岸缓冲带景观类型及其格局,运用Spearman秩相关分析筛选了影响溪流水质的景观指数,利用逐步回归和冗余排序法定量描述景观格局与溪流水质的耦合关系.结果表明：溪流水质指标中氨氮和总磷浓度时空变化较大,其标准变异系数范围分别为69.8%~207.6%和52.0%~146.1%.景观类型中耕地和居民地是溪流水体污染的重要来源,两者在100m河岸缓冲带尺度上对氨氮的解释程度为58.6%,高于流域尺度;景观格局指数中蔓延度、林地和居民地斑块密度、林地和居民地最大斑块指数以及林地和耕地聚集度指数等显著影响溪流水质（P<0.05）,流域尺度上各景观类型的景观指数对总氮和总磷的解释程度分别介于71.1%~81.6%和74.5%~83.8%,均高于100m河岸缓冲带尺度,其中蔓延度对总氮和总磷均有显著影响（P<0.05）.无显著因子进入高锰酸盐指数模型中,其浓度变化是各景观指数共同作用的结果.此外,景观格局季节变化也显著影响溪流水质.枯水期景观指数能够更好的解释总氮和总磷变化,而丰水期对氨氮的解释程度要好于枯水期.     

晋城市沁河流域秋季浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

为了摸清晋城沁河流域浮游植物的空间分布及关键驱动因子,于2020年10~11月对山西省晋城市沁河和丹河的62个采样点的浮游植物及环境因子进行调查分析.鉴定出浮游植物7门47种,由隐藻门、绿藻门、甲藻门、金藻门、硅藻门、蓝藻门和裸藻门组成.沁河的优势种为小球藻、啮蚀隐藻、尖尾蓝隐藻、具星小环藻、绿球藻和绿色裸藻.丹河的优势种为啮蚀隐藻、史密斯胸隔藻、绿色裸藻、具星小环藻、小球藻和矩圆囊裸藻.Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H''）的范围0.35~3.15,均值为1.40,Pielou均匀度（J）的范围是0.24~1.00,均值是0.68.丹河浮游植物多样性指数高于沁河,沁河晋城段中游和丹河晋城段中下游浮游植物均匀度指数最低.典范对应分析结果表明：河岸缓冲区林地面积比例是影响沁河绿藻门绿球藻分布的主要驱动因子,绿色裸藻的分布主要受硝态氮、总磷和河岸林地面积比例的影响,具星小环藻的分布主要受城镇建设用地的面积比例和温度的影响,小球藻、啮蚀隐藻和尖尾蓝隐藻主要分布受农村聚落用地和耕地面积比例的影响.丹河啮蚀隐藻和具星小环藻的分布主要受pH和硫酸盐影响,绿色裸藻主要受河岸城镇建设和草地面积影响,矩圆囊裸藻主要受林地面积比例和Cl^-影响最大,史密斯胸隔藻的分布主要受水温和耕地面积比例影响最大,小球藻主要受氨氮和耕地面积影响最大.     

金钟藤（Merremia boisiana）生物学特点初探

测定了金钟藤（Merremia boisiana）枝条的生长速度,其枝条在生长季内平均每天长0．43-3-3cm,最快达7．8cm,且强枝能产生新的侧枝,营养生长能力强;调查了金钟藤始花期、开花数目、花期长短,并与其结实率进行相关性比较,发现金钟藤始花期和开花数目与结实率无显著相关性,而金钟藤花期长短与结实率呈显著负相关性（花期越长,结实率越低）,且开花较多,但果实、种子极少,种子繁殖力低。     

土壤性质对水稻土中外源镉与铅生物有效性的影响

为定量了解土壤理化性质对进入土壤中的外源镉和铅生物有效性的影响,采集了性质相差较大的16个水稻土,通过添加Cd(或Pb)培养和老化处理(Cd的加入量为0、0.2、0.5、1、2和5 mg·kg-1;Pb加入量为0、20、50、100、200和500 mg·kg-1,培养时间为1年),研究了不同土壤中Cd(或Pb)负荷与土壤中水溶态和交换态Cd(或Pb)的关系.结果表明,随着Cd(或Pb)污染水平的提高,土壤中水溶态和交换态Cd(或Pb)均显著增加,但不同土壤中水溶态和交换态Cd(或Pb)随土壤Cd(或Pb)积累的增加幅度有很大的差异.相关分析表明,水稻土中水溶性Cd(或Pb)主要与土壤Cd(或Pb)污染水平和pH值有关;而交换态Cd(或Pb)主要与土壤Cd(或Pb)污染水平、pH值、CEC及质地等有关.数据显示,pH值较高、质地较黏的土壤可大大减缓因污染引起的CA和Pb生物有效性的提高.     

Life-history traits and the fate of translocated populations

Attempts to identify predictors and mechanisms of invasion success have been weakened by poor data quality, mostly because monitoring does not begin immediately after introduction events. To overcome this issue, we used data from conservation translocations of threatened bird species. We analyzed information on >1200 translocation events of >150 bird species to investigate how life-history traits affect population establishment measured based on rates of survival and reproduction. Species position along the slow–fast life-history continuum was a key predictor of translocation success. Species with fast-paced life histories were less likely to survive (over both short- and mid-term) and more likely to breed successfully than species with slow life histories. The temporal partitioning of reproductive effort (number of clutches per year) also affected the probability of successful reproduction. Our results illustrate how conservation-motivated reintroduction programs can provide proxies for the initial stages of the invasion process, enabling empirical tests of predictions from life-history theory and informing management.     

The Effects of Local Cooling on Thermophysiological Response in Participants Wearing Dust-Free Garments

This study was designed to find the effects of two kinds of dust-free garments with (A) and without (B) frozen gel strip (FGS), and half-naked clothing (brassiere and shorts; C) on thermophysiological parameters and on temperature and humidity within clothing. The heart rate, rectal, and skin temperatures as well as sweat rate and clothing microclimate were measured during 140 min in 9 healthy females. Inquiries were also made into the subjective rating of thermal, humidity, and comfort sensations. The main findings in our experiments are as follows: (a) Physiological parameters such as rectal and skin temperatures (chest and forehead), heart rate, and sweat rate were clearly lowest in garb C, intermediate in garb A, and highest in garb B throughout the experiment; (b) Temperature and humidity within clothing were lower in garb A than in garb B; (c) More than half of the 9 participants decreased thermal sensation by wearing garb A. These results suggest that the usage of FGS could improve the heat load in lightly working participants wearing dust-free garments.     

GB/T5750-2006标准比色列缓冲法测定pH值的改进

本文依据GB/T 5750-2006标准比色列缓冲溶液比色法测定生活饮用水中的pH值,结合我实验室的检测经验对国标中指示剂的配制等重要环节进行了补充,并采用标准缓冲溶液比色法和玻璃电极法同时对自来水、河水、井水及矿泉水的pH值进行了测定,相对偏差在0.2%~1.3%之间,结果满意。     

油罐车导静电拖地带防静电效果研究

通过对油罐车对地泄放电阻值的检测,并对比导静电拖地带接地前后油罐车对地泄放的电阻值,研究不同情况下导静电拖地带对油罐车静电泄放的效果,探讨导静电带作为静电泄放途径存在的必要性。     

Nutrient transport within three vegetative treatment areas receiving silage bunker runoff

Silage bunker runoff can be a very polluting substance and is increasingly being treated by vegetative treatment areas (VTAs), but little information exists regarding nutrient removal performance of systems receiving this wastewater. Nutrient transport through the shallow subsurface of three VTAs (i.e. one VTA at Farm WNY and two VTAs at Farm CNY) in glaciated soils containing a restrictive layer (i.e., fragipan) was assessed using a mass balance approach. At Farm WNY, the mass removal of ammonium was 63%, nitrate was 0%, and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) was 39%. At Farm CNY, the mass removal of ammonium was 79% in the West VTA, but nitrate and SRP increased by 200% and 533%, respectively. Mass removal of ammonium was 67% in the East VTA at Farm CNY; nitrate removal was 86% and SRP removal was 88%. The East VTA received a much higher nutrient loading, which was attributed to a malfunctioning low-flow collection apparatus within the settling basin. Results demonstrate that nutrient reduction mechanisms other than vegetative uptake can be significant within VTAs. Even though increases in nitrate mass were observed, concentrations in 1.65m deep wells indicated that groundwater impairment from leaching of nitrate was not likely. These results offer one of the first evaluations of VTAs treating silage bunker runoff, and highlight the importance of capturing concentrated low flows in VTA systems.     

Demography, Hunting Ecology, and Pathogen Exposure of Domestic Dogs in the Isoso of Bolivia

Abstract:  Disease is increasingly recognized as a threat to the conservation of wildlife, and in many cases the source of disease outbreaks in wild carnivores is the domestic dog. For disease to spill over from a domestic to a wild population, three conditions must be satisfied: susceptibility of the wild species, presence of the disease agent in the domestic population, and contact between the two populations of interest. We investigated the potential for disease spillover from the domestic dog population to the wild carnivore population in the Isoso of Bolivia, an area of tropical dry forest contiguous with a national park. Using questionnaires and discussions with residents, we gathered data on the demography of dogs in the Isoso, including adult and neonatal mortality, litter size, and hunting frequency. We analyzed a large data set containing self-recorded information on hunting in various communities of the Isoso to determine the extent of dog participation in hunting and the duration of hunting trips. Finally, we took blood samples from dogs in the Isoso for a serosurvey of common canine pathogens. More than 95% of dogs had positive titers to canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus. There was also a high seroprevalence in dogs for other pathogens, a high population turnover of dogs (which may allow diseases to be maintained endemically), and frequent opportunities for contact between domestic and wild carnivores. Based on our results and the susceptibility of wild species previously reported in the literature, domestic dogs represent a disease risk for wildlife in the Bolivian Isoso.