黄泥灌浆防止采空区遗煤自燃的机理分析与应用

首次运用燃烧学和热力学的理论观点，从三个方面探讨了黄泥灌浆方法防止采空区遗煤自燃的作用机理，并通过应用实践研究肯定了该技术的防治效果。同时，提出综合治理才是当前防止采空区遗煤自燃的最佳选择     

环境质量评价中若干评价方法的比较

探讨了目前用于环境质量评价的若干方法－－模糊综合评判法,灰色聚类法,灰关联分析方法及改进形式,物元分析方法及改进形式的共点与异点,指出要推求一种适合环境质量评价实际的方法尚有大量工作要做。     

A Comparison of Aerial and Ground Level Measurements of 137Cs in the Marshall Islands

The purpose of this paper is to present and compare two independent sets of environmental gamma spectrometry measurements of¹³⁷ Cs collected nearly 14 years apart. One set of data was collected in 1978 by a contractor of the U.S. Department of Energy during an aerial radiological survey of the northern atolls of the Marshall Islands. That program used helicopter mounted sodium-iodide scintillation detectors; measurements were made from an altitude of 38 m. The second measurement program was conducted from early 1990 through late 1994 by the Republic of the Marshall Islands Government in a survey of the entire nation. This latter program used ground level in situ gamma spectrometry with high-purity germanium detectors. In this comparison, we highlight differences between the findings of the two studies and probable reasons for those differences, though we also discuss the effectiveness of the two techniques for monitoring the ionizing radiation environment. In the comparison of exposure rates from ¹³⁷Cs, fair agreement was noted after accounting for radioactive decay during the intervening years. Though the distributions were statistically different over their entire range, they were nearly identical above 1 R h^-1. There was considerable difference in the estimates of¹³⁷ Cs inventory; the difference was greater at low activity levels with the NaI measurements consistently larger than the in situ measurements. Reasons for this difference is attributed to three factors which differed between the two studies: (1) the assumed penetration of the cesium into the soil column, (2) the assumption of soil density, and (3) differences in the ability of the two different detector systems to reject interfering spectral contributions. Precise measurement of the lowest levels has implications for determining those atolls that exceeded the deposition of ¹³⁷Cs from global fallout. This issue is discussed in addition to a comparison of the findings from the two measurement programs.     

The Impact of Scrubber Sludge on Ground Water Quality at an Abandoned Mine Site

A sulfate-rich flue gas desulfurization scrubber sludge was used as a substitute backfill material in reclamation of an abandoned coal strip mine. The site was surrounded by monitor wells and the material was characterized for leaching behavior using open column experiments. A drain was placed directly beneath the 45 000 ton fill to enable sampling before dilution or attenuation. The column studies indicated that the scrubber sludge would adsorb manganese, iron, aluminium, cobalt, nickel, thallium and zinc contaminants from the water. Changes in pH appear inadequate to explain the removal by precipitation. The groundwater cleaning phenomenon has been confirmed on a field scale by the drain samples. Boron and molybdenum leach from the fly ash was used to fix the scrubber sludge and serve as marker elements enabling calibration of the dispersivity in computer models of the groundwater system at the site. The leachate front appears to be diluted by a factor of 8 : 1 within the first 15 meters. Since boron and molybdenum release are associated only with the first flush, environmental impacts will be minimal. Columns appear to create a time compression effect on the duration of leaching phenomenon. The effect for this site appears to be at least 5 : 1. The columns were effective in predicting which elements would leach or adsorb in the field and in predicting the actual source concentrations. Other shake tests such as the TCLP and the ASTM shake test were found to be less effective at predicting which elements would leach and were not helpful in predicting field concentrations.     

基于数据融合的风机风量值无线监测技术研究

为了解决主要通风机在测风量过程中在线实时监测等问题,建立了以无线传输技术为基础的三层传输系统框架,并将改进的数据融合算法引入到风量值数据处理当中,通过选取阙值区间利用二次曲线函数来消除阙值点处相互支持的模糊性,取得最优融合传感器组,并对实测数据进行抗干扰实验分析。实验结果表明,无线传输方式有利于风量数据的在线实时监测;改进的数据融合算法能及时有效地消除传感器的测量偏差、提高风量数据的测量精确度。研究结果对煤矿主要通风机风量在线远程监测具一定的理论价值和实用意义。     

新型硫酸锂复合早强剂对煤矿封孔水泥早强效果的影响研究

为缩短煤矿封孔注浆材料的候凝时间,以煤矿注浆封孔硅酸盐水泥为研究对象,在Li2SO4单掺早强效果研究的基础上,将锂盐与有机物进行复配。通过正交实验考察了高湿环境中不同组成和配比下,Li2SO4复合早强剂对于封孔水泥早强效果的影响。结果表明,Li2SO4与聚羧酸和三乙醇胺复配新拌混凝土后流动性良好,当该复配早强剂的组成为硫酸锂1.0%,聚羧酸0.03%,三乙醇胺0.3%,掺量为胶体总质量的1.3%时,可使注浆封孔水泥早期强度提高最为显著,1d抗压强度提高到556%,3d抗压强度提高到157%。     

基于覆岩空间结构理论的矿压特征分析及应用

基于覆岩空间结构理论,一面采空、两面采空边界条件下覆岩结构称为“O”型和“S”型,结合矿压知识及工程背景的特殊条件,将二者转换过程中覆岩结构定义为“O-S”型。在系统分析三种结构构成、运移规律和应力分布特征的基础上,对矿山动力事件进行分析与防治;现场侧向支承压力监测结果显示基于覆岩空间结构理论的结构构成及相关计算相似,现场顶板岩层离层监测结果显示基于覆岩空间结构理论的覆岩运移规律阐述可靠,工作面矿压特征监测结果显示基于覆岩空间结构理论的特厚煤层矿压特征分析与实际发生情况基本一致,研究可为类似条件下矿压特征分析与岩层控制提供一定借鉴。     

基于ANP的煤矿员工非意向不安全行为影响因素研究

为量化分析非意向不安全行为的影响因素,基于专家判断法和网络层次分析法（ANP）,运用超级决策（SD）软件分析评价了30个因素对非意向不安全行为的影响。结果表明:对国有大中型煤炭企业而言,个体特征、组织及任务、机械设备对非意向不安全行为有很大的影响,环境因素对非意向不安全行为影响权重相对较小;应急反应、应急演练、信息传递、注意力、监督反馈、安全警示、工作经验、应急设施、作业规范、疲劳程度等10个因素是企业干预、控制非意向不安全行为的重点关注因素。     

矿井压气等熵膨胀与节流膨胀降温效果对比研究

压缩空气是矿山井下常用动力,压气绝热膨胀能够吸收风流中的热量,因而可用于改善井下作业环境与气候条件。通过理论与实例分析比较高压气体等熵膨胀和节流膨胀温度随压力变化情况及降温效果,得出等熵膨胀原理更适合用于高温矿井或掘进面降温。通过分析压气与引入气流质量比对井下热工作面空气温度、湿度、含氧量的影响,得出压气等熵膨胀降温后矿井气候变化与压气百分比的数学关系式,并将关系式应用于实例中。以矿山具体实例分析了矿井采用压气等熵膨胀制冷后空气质量的变化以及采用压气制冷的成本。同时与冰制冷系统的效果与成本比较,得出选用压气制冷效果好、成本低,可为我国深井局部降温的一种可供选择的方法     

氯离子浓度对硝酸基复合肥水溶液热安全性影响研究

为了研究复合肥洗涤液中氯离子浓度对硝酸基复合肥水溶液热稳定性影响,利用自行研制的临界爆炸测试装置对硝酸基复合肥水溶液的热安全性进行测试。结果表明,不同浓度氯离子对硝酸基复合肥水溶液临界爆炸温度影响较大,复合肥水溶液的分解温度随着氯离子浓度的增大呈先降低后升高的趋势。研究结果对硝酸基复合肥的安全生产具有指导意义。