楼板对钢筋混凝土框架结构受力性能影响

汶川8级地震震害调查发现,这次地震中现浇钢筋混凝土框架结构多发生"强梁弱柱"型破坏,这与规范中"强柱弱梁"抗震设计原则相悖。为探究其原因,采用ABAQUS软件对钢筋混凝土带楼板框架和空框架结构进行了侧向加载情况的性能分析。通过对比纵向梁端钢筋应力变化和柱端钢筋应力变化,以及分析不同侧向位移对应的楼板钢筋的应力变化情况,指出楼板对梁端抗负弯矩能力的增强有很大贡献。研究了节点类型、楼板钢筋材性、侧向位移、梁高、梁跨和板厚等因素对纵向梁端处楼板有效宽度的影响规律,提出了负弯矩作用下梁端处楼板有效宽度的取值方法。     

玻璃表面PAHs垂向分布特征与室内外对比研究

利用GC-MS对上海市玻璃表面有机膜中PAHs浓度进行了定量分析。结果表明随着楼层的增加,10层居民楼玻璃表面PAHs浓度出现先增加后减少的趋势,最高浓度出现在3层(736 ng/m~2),最低在9层(346 ng/m2);17层公寓楼PAHs浓度则是先减少后增加再减少的趋势,最高浓度出现在9层(2 338 ng/m~2),最低在16层(564 ng/m~2)。TOC与PAHs相关性分析暗示除TOC外,玻璃表面PAHs富集可能还受控于其他因素。10层居民楼主要以3环和4环PAHs为主;而17层公寓楼则以4环为主。玻璃外表面PAHs浓度(555 ng/m~2)远高于内表面(308 ng/m~2);外表面主要以Phe、Pyr、Chry、Fluo和Fl为主;内外表面低环PAHs比值接近于1,高环比值基本上低于0.6。TEQ值虽然较低,但生态风险仍不能忽视。     

The Impact of Scrubber Sludge on Ground Water Quality at an Abandoned Mine Site

A sulfate-rich flue gas desulfurization scrubber sludge was used as a substitute backfill material in reclamation of an abandoned coal strip mine. The site was surrounded by monitor wells and the material was characterized for leaching behavior using open column experiments. A drain was placed directly beneath the 45 000 ton fill to enable sampling before dilution or attenuation. The column studies indicated that the scrubber sludge would adsorb manganese, iron, aluminium, cobalt, nickel, thallium and zinc contaminants from the water. Changes in pH appear inadequate to explain the removal by precipitation. The groundwater cleaning phenomenon has been confirmed on a field scale by the drain samples. Boron and molybdenum leach from the fly ash was used to fix the scrubber sludge and serve as marker elements enabling calibration of the dispersivity in computer models of the groundwater system at the site. The leachate front appears to be diluted by a factor of 8 : 1 within the first 15 meters. Since boron and molybdenum release are associated only with the first flush, environmental impacts will be minimal. Columns appear to create a time compression effect on the duration of leaching phenomenon. The effect for this site appears to be at least 5 : 1. The columns were effective in predicting which elements would leach or adsorb in the field and in predicting the actual source concentrations. Other shake tests such as the TCLP and the ASTM shake test were found to be less effective at predicting which elements would leach and were not helpful in predicting field concentrations.     

基于修正莫尔库伦的基坑开挖对隧道安全影响研究

为分析基坑开挖对临近地铁隧道的影响,以某基坑工程为研究背景,结合修正-莫尔库伦本构关系,采用Midas GTS NX构建三维地层结构模型,通过仿真分析基坑开挖前后隧道水平、竖向位移的变化规律及特征点.结果表明:基坑开挖会导致地铁隧道结构产生水平收缩的趋势,隧道最大沉降和隆起点从远离基坑的外侧隧道向靠近基坑的内侧隧道转移...     

砂泥岩地基大直径灌注桩竖向承载力试验研究

以某电厂桩基础为工程依托,进行了两试桩竖向静载荷试验,探讨了砂泥岩地基大直径灌注桩的荷载传递机理和竖向承载特性。试验结果表明,砂泥岩地基大直径灌注桩在极限荷载作用达到稳定的情况下,荷载由桩侧阻力与桩端阻力共同承担,但表现出很强的摩擦桩特征,桩侧阻力的发挥取决于桩土相对位移,对于不同的土层,桩侧摩阻力达到极限时所对应的桩土之间相对位移不尽相同。针对试验结果,根据上部结构对基础沉降的要求,以桩顶沉降量来控制桩的竖向承载力,并提出了简化的计算公式,该公式考虑了桩土相对位移对桩侧阻力发挥的影响。     

Temporal and spatial distribution of Cs in Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Horizontal and vertical dispersion in two regions

Caesium-137 activity concentration in the water columns of the Gulf of Patras (Central Greece) and the North-Eastern Aegean Sea (easterward to Lemnos Island) was investigated in selected sampling stations during the period September 2004–June 2006. The methodology followed was based on the sorption of caesium (Cs) on cotton wound cartridge filters impregnated by Cu₂[Fe(CN)₆] via in-situ pumping. In terms of the horizontal and vertical records, the activity concentrations of ¹³⁷Cs in the Gulf of Patras ranged between 1.2 and 6.7 Bq m⁻³, depending on the sampling period and the prevailing physicochemical regime at the sampling station. The general pattern of the decreased activity concentrations of ¹³⁷Cs with increasing depth was reversed in the Gulf of Patras during the cold period attributed to the prevailing advective processes of the area. The activity concentrations of ¹³⁷Cs in the North-Eastern Aegean Sea ranged from 2.6 to 12.8 Bq m⁻³, whereas significant stratified curves were observed during the warm period and also, in one station during the cold period. In terms of temporal variation, the discharges in the Gulf of Patras resulted in enhanced levels of ¹³⁷Cs, whereas in the North Aegean Sea the incoming water masses form the Black Sea had an apparent influence throughout the year by increasing the ¹³⁷Cs levels, hence presenting a weak seasonal variation. Comparing the two studied areas, one could say that the North Aegean Sea, as an open sea environment, presented higher concentrations due to the influence of the Black Sea water masses. The estimated inventories of ¹³⁷Cs in the Gulf of Patras ranged 0.25 ± 0.03–0.79 ± 0.03 kBq m⁻², whereas in the North-Eastern Aegean Sea they ranged 0.33 ± 0.02–0.92 ± 0.03 kBq m⁻².     

固结时间对软粘土动剪切模量的影响

随着固结时间的增加,试样逐渐变硬的硬化效应使软粘土的动剪切模量增大;同时,随着固结时间的增加,试样高度和直径明显减小的尺寸效应,也使软粘土的动剪切模量受到显著的影响。通过软粘土自振柱试验,分析了固结时间对软粘土的最大动剪切模量、动剪切模量比和试样尺寸的影响;根据自振柱试验的基本原理,分析了试样尺寸的变化对软粘土动剪切模量的影响;结合试验得到的固结时间和试样尺寸的关系,分析了固结时间通过试样尺寸对软粘土动剪切模量的影响。     

某装药弹振动特性的安全分析

为分析某装药弹的振动特性,并为该弹提供必要的力学数据,建立某装药弹模态方程。采用ANSYS软件对该弹振动特性进行了数值模拟,利用Block Lanczos法求解,得到前10阶振动固有频率和振型。分析结果表明:低阶频率主要以摆动和转动为主,高阶频率主要以弯曲扭动为主,低阶频率对该弹的影响比较小,高阶频率对该弹的影响比较大,尤其是7～10阶频率,该弹的主振频率为1053.8 Hz,为该弹的优化设计提供科学依据,在加工、储存、运输和使用条件下应低于该频率;为验证该方法可信度,采用某小型装药弹进行了实验验证,实验结果和仿真结果偏差小于1%;同时证明该有限元数值分析的方法是经济可靠的。     

气相色谱法测定工业废水中联苯与菲

文章研究了一种新的测定废水中联苯及菲含量的方法,该方法采用气相色谱薄涂柱,对联苯与菲进行了有效的分离与测定。该方法具有固定液用量少,柱温低,分离效果好,分析速度快等特点,利用该对废水样进行了测定,取得了满意的结果。     

城市土地生态适宜性分区划分研究

在新型城镇化与生态文明建设背景下,城市发展迫切需要合理布局以实现城市土地的节约集约利用,降低城市化过程中因建设用地肆意蔓延所导致的土地资源浪费与生态环境破坏影响。以常州市武进区为例,采用地形地貌、生态环境、交通设施、建设密度4类因子建立景观过程阻力赋值体系,结合GIS空间分析技术,以垂直生态过程的多因素多因子综合判别得到的生态保护用地扩张和城镇用地扩张阻力基面为基础,再以描述水平生态过程的最小累积阻力模型计算两种扩张过程的最小累积阻力值,并依据二者的最小累积阻力差值表面,从空间上将武进区划分为4个等级的城市土地生态适宜性分区,分别为优先建设区118.39 km²、适宜建设区233.60 km²、生态缓冲区777.91 km²、生态控制区115.90 km²,明确指出了各分区的空间布局,提出了相应的发展建议,以期为武进区未来城市发展提供科学合理的空间布局参考。同时考虑了垂直生态过程和水平生态过程,一定程度上弥补了传统方法只从景观单元垂直过程研究的不足之处,为生态适宜性分区划分的方法研究提供了有益的尝试和补充。