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排序方式: 共有4026条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
281.
Sonntag Bettina Posch Thomas Klammer Susanne Griebler Christian Psenner Roland 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(4):211-226
Traunsee is a deep oligotrophic lake in Austria characterised by an artificial enrichment of chloride in the hypolimnion (up to 170 mg L-1) caused by waste disposal of soda and salt industries. Protists were collected monthly over one year, observed alive and after Quantitative Protargol Staining (ciliates) or via epifluorescence microscopy (heterotrophic flagellates). Three sites within the lake (0–40 m depths) were compared to deeper water layers from 60–160 m depths where chloride concentrations and conductivity were increased. In addition, we observed the protozooplankton of two neighbouring lakes, i.e. reference systems, during one sampling occasion. In Traunsee the abundance of ciliates was low (200–36 600 cells L-1) in contrast to high species diversity (at least 60 different species; HS = 2.6) throughout the year. The main pelagic species in terms of abundance were small oligotrichs and prostomatids like Rimostrombidium brachykinetum/hyalinum, Balanion planctonicum and Urotricha spp. throughout the investigation period. Among free-living heterotrophic flagellates, which occurred at densities of 40–2800 cells mL-1, small morphotypes dominated in the pelagial. No differences at the community level between the three lakes could be observed and pelagic ciliates and flagellates seemed not to be affected by increased chloride concentrations or by enhanced conductivity. 相似文献
282.
通过色谱柱、固定相以及载气流速的选择性实验 ,提高了气相色谱仪在观测地下水中H2 、He分离效能和检测效能。本文对此作介绍 ,以期对使用气相色谱仪进行地下水H2 、He观测的台站能有所启发和借鉴 相似文献
283.
采用血清瓶静态试验法研究了垃圾渗出污水的厌氧处理的可行性。试验表明:垃圾渗出污水对厌氧发酵微生物无抑制作用,有良好的厌氧降解性,产气率为0.321/g·COD,污水中的大部份有机物都能被厌氧消化,COD_cr去除率为78.2%,发酵过程中还能获得能源——沼气。具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
284.
Irving Spiewak 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1971,7(4):844-855
ABSTRACT The selection of an evaporator design must reflect the balancing of captial cost (primarily in heat exchanger surface and vessels) against operating cost (primarily steam cost) to achieve minimum cost. In a conjunctive plant the tendency is to select a low-capital cost, high-operating cost plant. In addition, it is advantageous to use a high-capacity plant which needs to be operated much less of the time than a plant which is sized just at the needed rate. For example, in the study of a possible system to satisfy a future increase of 450 MGD in water supply to New York Qty, a plant of 750 MGD capacity was selected as optimum. This plant, of the advanced VTE-MSF process type, would have a performance ratio of 9 lb product/1000 Btu as compared to 10-13 normally used for base-loaded plants. Steam would be supplied by a multi-unit dual-purpose nuclear power plant. The most economical type of energy supply would be “interruptible”; the steam would be used by a low pressure turbine to generate electricity during periods of peak electrical demand but would be available to the desalting plant at other times. The low pressure turbine would be available as spinning reserve during desalting plant operation. It is estimated that the desalting plant would have a load factor of 27 per cent over its life. 相似文献
285.
Amy M. Moore Michael O. Rodgers Steven P. French 《International Journal of Green Energy》2020,17(3):208-218
ABSTRACTClimate change has increased the need for clean, nonpolluting energy sources to decrease dependence on fossil fuels. Alternative energy sources, mainly solar and horizontal wind, have been the primary focus for producing clean energy. New technologies are being developed, such as the Solar Vortex (SoV), which was developed at the Georgia Institute of Technology, and relies on a vertical wind resource to generate power. The National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) has resource models representing solar and horizontal wind resources across the 48 United States. This research developed a vertical wind resource model that is comparable in resolution to NREL’s solar and horizontal wind resource models and uses the model for estimating power output for the SoV. This model complements NREL’s existing resource models and supports the deployment of an additional clean energy generation technology. The model was applied to Mesa, Arizona to find feasible sites for a small-scale vertical wind farm. 相似文献
286.
Ahmed I. El-Seesy Mohamed Nour Ali M. A. Attia Hamdy Hassan 《International Journal of Green Energy》2020,17(3):233-253
ABSTRACTThis article aims to study the influence of the addition of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO) to diesel/higher alcohols blends on the combustion, emission, and exergy parameters of a CI engine under various engine loads. The higher alcohols mainly n-butanol, n-heptanol, and n-octanol are blended with diesel at a volume fraction of 50%. Then, the 25 and 50 mg/L concentrations of GO are dispersed into diesel/higher alcohols blends using an ultrasonicator. The GO structures are examined using TEM, TGA, XRD and FTIR. The findings show that there is a reduction in pmax. and HRR when adding higher alcohols with diesel fuel. Regarding engine emission, there is a significant improvement in emissions formation with adding higher alcohols. The addition of GO into diesel/higher alcohols blends improves the brake thermal efficiency by 15%. Moreover, the pmax. and HRR are both enhanced by 4%. The CO, UHC and smoke formation are reduced considerably by 40%, 50 and 20%, respectively, while NOx level is increased by 30% with adding GO. Finally, adding high percentages of n-butanol, n-heptanol, and n-octanol with diesel fuel with the presence of GO has the potential to achieve ultra-low CO, UHC, and smoke formation meanwhile keeping high thermal efficiency level. 相似文献
287.
关于中国土地资源人口承载力问题的思考 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
朱国宏 《中国人口.资源与环境》1996,6(1):18-22
土地资源的人口承载力问题也就是生存空间问题,它关系到人类未来的生存与发展问题,历来受学术界的注目。20世纪70年代联合国粮农组织(FAO)曾主持了一项大型的发展中地区土地资源人口承载力问题的研究,80年代后期,中国科学院—国家计委自然资源综合考察委员会也主持了一项大型的中国土地资源生产能力及人口承载量研究。相应地还有一系列有关中国未来的生存与发展和人口承载力问题的探讨。本文从中国人地关系变化的角度介入这一讨论,分析中国远期的土地资源是否超载的问题。 相似文献
288.
A reproductive-health knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey was carried out among 468 Afghan women of reproductive age. A convenience sample of women was selected from attendees in the outpatient departments of four health facilities in Kabul. Seventy-nine per cent of respondents had attended at least one antenatal consultation during their last pregnancy. Two-thirds (67 per cent) delivered their first child between 13 and 19 years. The Caesarean-section rate was low (1.6 per cent). Two-thirds (67 per cent) of deliveries occurred in the home. The contraceptive prevalence rate was 23 per cent (16 per cent modern and 7 per cent natural methods). Twenty-four per cent had knowledge of any STIs, although most of these women did not know correctly how to prevent them. Most of the women (93 per cent) needed authorization from their husband or a male relative before seeking professional health-care. In multivariate analysis, women's schooling was significantly associated with antenatal-care attendance (AOR 4.78), institutional delivery (AOR 2.29), skilled attendance at birth (AOR 2.07) and use of family planning (AOR 4.59). Reproductive-health indicators were noted to be poor even among these women living in Kabul, a group often considered to be the most privileged. To meet the reproductive-health needs of Afghan women, the socio-cultural aspects of their situation--especially their decision-making abilities -- will need to be addressed. A long-standing commitment from agencies and donors is required, in which the education of women should be placed as a cornerstone of the reconstruction process of Afghanistan. 相似文献
289.
290.
Status of recycling end-of-life vehicles and efforts to reduce automobile shredder residues in Korea
Hyun-Tae Joung Sung-Jin Cho Yong-Chil Seo Woo-Hyun Kim 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(2):159-166
The present end-of-life vehicle (ELV) recycle rate and management status during the dismantling stage were investigated to
aid the establishment of policies for the management of ELVs by surveying information and using the results gained from questionnaires
given to dismantlers. The average recycle rate at the dismantling stage was 44% of the mass of a new vehicle and the rest
of the ELV was then compressed and transported to shredding companies to recover mainly the iron content, which averaged 38.7%
of the mass of a new vehicle. Nonferrous metals such as copper, antimony, zinc, and aluminum accounted for only 1.5%. The
automobile shredder residues (ASRs) were composed of light and heavy fluffs and soil/dust and amounted to 15.8% based on the
mass of a new vehicle. The dumping of fluff and inorganic residues in landfill sites, however, will be restricted when new
regulations are implemented to reduce the disposal amount to less than 5% of a new car, as has been done in European countries
and in Japan. The detailed characteristics of ASR were investigated to suggest appropriate means of treatment such as volume
reduction or the utilization of thermal technologies to meet future expected enforcement. Also, some concerns on hazardous
pollutant release such as that of dioxins while utilizing such thermal treatment methods were considered. The present on-going
research and development projects to meet such future management targets are also introduced. 相似文献