Treatment and utilization of septic tank effluent using vertical-flow constructed wetlands and vegetable hydroponics

Vertical flow constructed wetlands is a typical ecological sanitation system for sewage treatment.The removal rates COD,BOD5,SS,TN and TP were 60%,80%,74%,49%and 79%,respectively,when septic tank effluent was treated by vertical flow filter.So the concentration of COD and BOD5 in the treated effluent could meet the quality standard for irrigation water.After that the treated effluent was used for hydroponic cultivation of water spinach and romaine lettuce,the removal efficiencies of the whole system for COD, BOD5,SS, TN and Tpwere 71.4%,97.5%,96.9%,86.3%,and 87.4%,respectively.And it could meet the integrated wastewater discharge standard for secondary biological treatment plant.It was found that using treated effluent for hydroponic cultivation of vegetables could reduce the nitrate content in vegetables.The removal rates for total bacteria and coliform index by using vertical flow bed system with cinder substrate were 80%-90% and 85%-96%,respectively.     

废纸再生造纸废水处理工程应用

废纸再生造纸废水处理工艺在广东东莞东江造纸厂应用3个月,吨成品纸耗用废纸量下降20%,成纸裂断长增加20%～30%,成纸的环压强度提高20%～30%,纸机的有效生产时间和毛布的使用寿命提高。提供了既降低生产成本又提高生产力的有效途径。     

催化剂生产过程粉尘治理对策

粉尘已成为催化剂生产企业的主要职业病危害因素。通过点对点除尘,采用气力输送及新的密闭自动化工艺,现场无组织粉尘可控制在较好水平,8 h加权平均浓度均在1. 0 mg/m^3以下;通过采用旋风分离、袋式过滤、超重力湿法洗涤及云式除尘等技术,对催化剂生产过程尾气进行治理,可将粉尘浓度稳定降低至20 mg/m^3以下,实现达标排放。并提出应尽量设计连续流程,注重采用新设备、新工艺,从源头解决粉尘问题。     

VTBR反应器的应用与设计

类似于多个深井曝气池串联起来运行的VTBR反应器具有多种其他反应器不具备的优点,在多个行业(化纤,啤酒,生活污水)废水的工程中取得了成功,该反应器具有较高速率的质量传递,使得溶解氧的效率要比目前的常压耗氧生物曝气法要高得很多;正确的设计是保证工程正常运行成功的关键.     

中条山东段植被垂直带的数量分类研究

在野外调查的基础上,应用有序样方聚类法对中条山东段植 垂直带进行了数量分类研究,结果为：１．落叶阔叶林带,包括４个亚带：（１）侧柏林带（５００￣８００ｍ）,（２０松栎林带（８００￣１８００ｍ）,（３）栓皮林带（１４００￣２０００ｍ）和（４）杨桦林带（１９００￣２２００ｍ）;２．山地草甸带（２１００￣２３５８ｍ）。此外,与前人的划分结果进行了比较,结果表明,有序样方聚类法的结果更符合实际情况。     

炭黑尾气中可燃气态污染物的净化及回收利用

本文研究炭黑工业尾气中可燃气态污染物ＣＯ、Ｈ＿２及ＣＨ＿４等的净化及其余热的回收利用。其中主要研究炭黑尾气的主要来源、组成、发生量及特性，以及炭黑尾气的净化及回收利用。研究表明，直接燃烧法是我国目前炭黑尾气净化和回收利用的最佳方法。应用直接燃烧法，不仅可将炭黑尾气中可燃气态污染物销毁，使之变为无害的物质ＣＯ＿２和Ｈ＿２０，并可回收利用可燃气态污染物燃烧时放出的热量，可供炭黑工业余热利用率提高２０％。     

自动增氧型垂直下行流生活污水处理器运行研究

设计一种自动增氧型垂直下行流生活污水处理器,采用间歇运行的启动方式,对比研究1号系统(完全空白系统)、2号系统(垂直下行流生活污水处理器系统)和3号系统(自动增氧型垂直下行流生活污水处理器系统)对SS、COD、TP、TN的去除效果。结果表明,经过45d的启动时间后,3号系统对SS、COD、TN、TP的4d去除率分别达到91.8%、82.4%、93.4%和91.6%,去除效果优于2号系统;3号系统在较短停留时间内就可以获得理想的去除效果。     

HIPS阻燃复合材料三元潜在火灾危险性评价

将高抗冲聚苯乙烯树脂颗粒(纳米/微米级)、十溴二苯乙烷颗粒、三氧化二锑、弹性体、分散剂和偶联剂通过一步熔融共混工艺先行制备UL94 V-0级阻燃母粒,再将其与HIPS本体树脂按不同比例混合制得阻燃复合材料,并利用极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL94)及ISO 5660锥形量热计三项测试表征制得样品的燃烧和火灾性能,从中提炼和分析LOI、垂直燃烧等级和最大热释放速率(Pk HRR)等三元关键指标相关性,给出了定性定量相结合的潜在火灾危险性分级范围。结果表明:UL94燃烧等级和Pk HRR相关性体现为当Pk HRR≤330.0 k W/m~2时,试样UL94等级均为V-0级;UL94燃烧等级和LOI相关性体现为随UL94燃烧等级从V-0降到HB时,试样LOI从27.0降到17.0;Pk HRR与LOI相关性体现为Pk HRR与LOI呈粗略反向线性相关性;UL94燃烧等级、Pk HRR和LOI三元相关性体现为当LOI22.0、Pk HRR为399.0~665.0 k W/m~2时,材料UL94燃烧等级介于HB~V-2。     

SPATIAL ECONOMICS OF TARGETING MANURE POLICY1

ABSTRACT: Increasing specialization separates animal production from cropland, complicating manure management. To assist policy targeting efforts, we highlight areas where on-farm use of manure may be problematic. Matching confined animal production with land, on the farm- rather than at the county-level, gives our analysis an advantage over previous studies in avoiding aggregation problems. With manure-based water quality problems, data aggregated to the county level may fail to convey the heterogeneity of animal production across regions and animal types. Aggregation bias blurs the distinction between areas with specialized animal production and those that merely have numerous animals. We estimate bias from using county aggregates, show its distribution spatially and by animal sector, and link it to concentration. Ongoing vertical integration in agriculture likely alters in-county variability in facility scale and scope, and may influence decisions about which data we should gather and use.     

Transport and Diffusion of Ozone in the Nocturnal and Morning Planetary Boundary Layer of the Phoenix Valley

The evolution of ozone (O ₃) in the nocturnal and morning-transitional planetary boundary layer (PBL) of the Phoenix valley was measured as a part of the `Phoenix Sunrise Experiment 2001' of the U.S. Department of Energy conducted in June 2001. The goal of the field program was to study the transport, distribution and storage of ozone and its precursors in the urban boundary layer over a diurnal cycle. The ground level O <sub>3</sub> as well as mean meteorological variables and turbulence were measured over the entire period, and vertical profiling (using a tethered balloon) was made during the morning transition period. Approximately half of the observational days showed the usual diurnal cycle of high O <sub>3</sub> during the day and low O <sub>3</sub> at night, with nitrogen oxides (NO <sub>x</sub> = NO <sub>2</sub> + NO) showing an out of phase relationship with O <sub>3</sub>. The rest of the days were signified by an anomalous increase of O <sub>3</sub> in the late evening ( 2200 LST), concomitant with a sudden drop of temperature, an enhancement of wind speed and Reynolds stresses, a positive heat flux and a change of wind direction. NO <sub>x</sub> measurements indicated the simultaneous arrival of an `aged' air mass, which was corroborated by the wind predictions of a mesoscale numerical model. In all, the results indicate that the recirculation of O ₃ rich air masses is responsible for the said high-O ₃ events. Such air masses are produced during the transport of O ₃ precursors by the upslope flow toward mountainous suburbs during the day, and they return back to the city at night via downslope winds (i.e. mountain breeze). The corresponding flow patterns, and hence the high-O ₃ events, are determined by background meteorological conditions. The vertical profiling of O ₃ and flow variables during the morning transition points to a myriad of transport, mixing and chemical processes that determine the fate of tropospheric O ₃. How well such processes are incorporated and resolved in predictive O ₃ models should determine the accuracy of their predictions.