一起反应釜爆炸事故原因分析

分析了某化工厂一起反应釜爆炸事故的可能原因,认为事故发生的原因主要是氮气置换失效及提前对反应釜进行加热,提出了预防措施.     

圆柱形容器环缝错边的安全性评价

环焊缝就是一锥形环,可以建立其数学模型,进而证明了焊缝错边缺陷是可以修复的。通过应力计算分析和实验验证可以得出:当b/s较小(b/s<0.2)时,错边可以用磨削方法进行修复;当b/s较大时,可用堆焊方法进行修复,且堆焊宽度H不超过100mm。同时,在控制应力水平不超过1.5[σ]时,错边量和角变形量的和可以允许在不超过0.7s的范围内。研究及安全性评价表明ASME,GB150等标准对环焊缝的控制过于严格,也给压力容器制造企业增加了成本。因此,建议GB150放宽对B类焊缝错边量的控制要求。     

油田用加热炉危险因素分析及安全评价探讨

本文对油田用加热炉按功能和加热方式进行了分类，分析了加热炉常见的火管烧损和腐蚀等危险因素，提出了增加污水进入加热炉沉降工艺，安装自动切断燃料供给控制系统，安装安全联锁装置等安全对策措施，最后对加热炉的安全评价方法选用做了探讨，提出了用LEC法进行安全评价更加切合实际。     

Subcutaneous Arteriolar Vasomotion Changes During and After ELF-EMF Exposure in Mice in Vivo

Summary Biological effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on microcirculation were investigated in vivo by monitoring arteriole diameters in conscious mice. Measurements of blood vessel diameter were monitored 33 min non-stop before during and after exposure with ELF-EMF and every 389 ms blood vessel diameter were calculated. Using a dorsal skinfold chamber (DSC), and following caudal vein injection of FITC-dextran 250 kDa, the microvasculature (initial arteriole diameter of 45–80 μm), was examined by intravital microscopy and video images were recorded for a total time of 33 min. Arteriole diameter was continuously measured by on-line analysis using a High-speed Digital Machine Vision System CV-2100, using an edge-gap detection algorithm. Since vessel diameters exhibit rhythmic variation expressed by vasomotion, for estimation of microcirculatory activity we used both raw data for frequency analysis of vasomotion (measured frequencies of vasomotion were in the range 0.008÷0.1 Hz) and evaluate mean blood vessel diameter for each 1 min period of time, and make a comparison between Pre, Exposure/Sham exposure and Post exposure periods, with the aim to evaluate possible changes in mean blood vessel diameter as a result of ELF-EMF action. During EMF exposure and post-exposure periods, arteriole diameters increased significantly compared with the pre-exposure period, and the changes were larger during post-exposure. In contrast to sham exposure, vasodilatation of the microvasculature was significantly greater during exposure and post-exposure to 16 Hz EMF. These findings suggest that ELF-EMF may have potential therapeutic use benefit for treating vascular disorders.     

内部爆炸载荷作用下容器动力响应的数值模拟

运用ANSYS/LS-DYNA非线性显式动力学有限元程序,采用流固耦合算法,对平板封头圆柱形爆炸容器(长径比1∶1)在内部爆炸载荷作用下的动力响应进行了数值模拟;研究容器壳体和平板封头典型位置的内部爆炸载荷和等效应力的历史;分别给出壳体和平板封头的应力云图;分析对比壳体和封头不同位置应力响应。数值模拟结果为爆炸容器的经验设计和防护提供了科学依据。     

制氧厂特种设备安全管理

根据多年的管理经验和现行特种设备安全法规,介绍了制氧厂特种设备安全管理的组织和职责,以及定期检验的内容.针对制氧厂典型的特种设备,介绍了特种设备的检验管理.     

压力容器设计的一般要求及技术进展

不少压力容器都要在非常严峻的工况下工作,要保证其长期安全运行,就必须在设计、选材、制造、检验及使用管理上有一整套严格的要求.介绍了在设计石油、化工用压力容器过程中,需要满足的几方面要求,并对各方面要求进行了阐述,同时指出了压力容器设计技术的进展.     

一台储氧球罐焊缝表面裂纹成因分析及处理方法

对武钢-400m~3氧气球罐在1994、1995、1996年逐年进行了检验。通过1994及1995年的检验发现了大量焊缝表面裂纹,通过硬度试验、金相检验及声发射监测,发现裂纹产生的主要原因是容器制造时焊接工艺控制不当。严格按正确的焊接工艺补焊之后消除了隐患。     

基于STEAM的靠港船舶大气污染物排放清单研究

随着我国船舶排放控制区的设立,船舶大气污染物排放成为社会广泛关注的热点。以对城市影响显著的内河靠港船舶为研究对象,采用本土化的船舶交通排放估算模型(STEAM),结合船舶自动识别系统(AIS)中的船舶轨迹信息、船舶档案数据库信息及调研信息,实现基于船舶活动的"自下而上"的排放清单编制。将上述研究成果应用于南京龙潭集装箱港区,得到2014年该港区船舶大气物排放量分别为PM103.452 9 t、PM2.52.762 3 t、NOx196.004 4 t、SOx2.896 6t、CO 20.624 5 t、HC 8.127 8 t以及CO212 554.289 5 t。与整个港区排放相比,靠港船舶是SOx和NOx排放的重要来源,占比分别达到70.76%和58.16%。基于排放特性分析提出靠港船舶减排路径。     

Study of factors affecting on the extraction efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soils using open-vessel focused microwave-assisted extraction

As part of an evaluation of focused microwave-assisted extraction (FMAE) using an open-vessel system, the effects of matrix, moisture content, ageing, and solvent have been studied on the extraction efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from spiked soils. PAHs were spiked onto three different uncontaminated air dried and originally wet soil matrices with 1- and 20-day ageing periods. Solvents used were hexane–acetone (1:1), cyclohexane–acetone (1:1) and dichloromethane. FMAE only required a small amount of solvent (20 ml) and short extraction time (10 min) in the open cell under 90 W of microwave power. The results revealed that the extraction efficiency strongly depends on the nature of soil matrix; moisture content may enhance the recoveries of PAHs for many cases; and, the influence of the type of solvent is not significant. A comparison between microwave extraction and 16-h Soxhlet extraction has been made on spiked soils. It evidenced that the microwave method under ambient pressure is a suitable alternative to Soxhlet method for the analysis of PAHs in soils. For the evaluation of the developed FMAE method, three reference materials were used. The PAHs recovered from three reference materials were in a good agreement with reference values.