Lower back pain and its association with whole-body vibration and manual materials handling among commercial drivers in Sabah

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of lower back pain (LBP) and its association with whole-body vibration (WBV) and manual materials handling (MMH). We studied 110 commercial vehicle drivers using a self-administered questionnaire and the VI-400Pro human vibration monitor. Prevalence of LBP was 66.4%. The percentage of drivers who had frequent manual handling of heavy loads was 45.5% and those who handled heavy loads in awkward postures accounted for 86.4%. Daily vibration A(8) averaged on the z axis was 0.25 (0.06) m·s^?2 and at vector sum was 0.29 (0.07) m·s^?2. Daily vibration exposures on the z axis, frequent manual handling of heavy loads and awkward posture during MMH were significantly associated with LBP. Drivers who are exposed to WBV and frequently handle heavy loads manually and with awkward postures probably have more LBP than drivers who are exposed to only one of these risk factors.     

松散煤体渗流传热试验装置研制

为研究松散煤体低温氧化及通风供氧下的渗流传热规律,研发了渗流传热试验装置。试验装置由气体加湿系统、气体加热系统、煤样反应系统、数据采集系统和安全保护系统组成;本装置可实现自动加湿、控温、自动采集数据及处理数据。为解决装置使用和运行中的安全问题,设计了断电保护、有害气体检测等措施,保障试验装置的安全、可靠。     

机械振荡对猕猴桃愈伤组织的生理效应

通过机械振荡处理中华猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis planch)茎段的愈伤组织，研究模拟振荡方式的力学刺激对木本植物愈伤组织生长分化的生理生化效应。结果表明，猕猴桃对机械振荡的应激效应与本实验室此前对草本植物非洲雏菊（Gerbera jamesonii acrocarpous)的研究有相似的结果。即适度的机械振荡（频率2-3Hz)可促进猕猴桃愈伤组织的生长，使胞内可溶性蛋白质含量升高，SOD活性升高，而IAA氧化酶活性质膜的通透性降低；但当振动强度超过一定范围（3Hz)后，愈伤组织的生长受到明显的抑制，可溶性蛋白质含量下降，SOD活性降低，而IAA氧化酶活性升高，同时细胞膜的封闭和完整性受到损伤，透性增大，研究显示植物对外界应力刺激的响应（应激效应）是很明显的图1表2参17。     

Long-term engineering properties of recycled plastic lumber used in pier construction

Plastic lumber manufactured using post consumer waste plastic has been proposed as an acceptable material for use in the construction of docks, piers and bulkheads and is touted to outlast conventional wood products due to its strength, durability and resistance to rot. This study examines the long-term engineering properties of plastic lumber manufactured using post consumer waste plastic (TRIMAX, Ronkonkoma, NY). Plastic lumber profiles were used in the decking of a pier built in West Meadow Creek, Old Field, NY during December 1995. Samples of plastic lumber were removed from the deck of the pier periodically over a two-year period and returned to the laboratory for testing. Results of engineering tests showed the in-plane compression modulus (260±30 MPa), dimensional stability and the Shore D surface hardness (60±2) of plastic lumber removed from the pier remained similar to or greater than their pre-placement values. In contrast, significant changes in the modulus of elasticity of plastic lumber were measured with prolonged weathering. The modulus of elasticity of plastic lumber initially decreased from 1370 Pa to 750 Pa following 12 months weathering, a decrease equal to 45% of its pre-placement value and then increased during the second year to close to its initial value. The high variability in the modulus of elasticity should restrict the use of plastic lumber profiles to non-load bearing structural applications.     

基于PSD法的船载雷达随机振动响应分析

目的 优化以经验为主的船载雷达结构设计流程,缩短设计周期,提高设计的准确性。方法 提出基于模态分析和PSD法的新的设计流程,利用ANSYS软件对雷达天线和转台结构进行系统的随机振动分析,得到其模态、应力分布、位移云图及响应谱曲线,验证设计的准确性、合理性。结果 得到雷达系统在1σ下的最大应力值和最大变形量分别为14.847 MPa和0.367 mm。结论 新的设计流程可以得到可靠性更高的产品,能有效缩短产品的设计周期,具有重要的借鉴意义。     

运输包装箱的多载荷减振设计研究

目的考虑降低成本,提高效率,面向卫星产品型谱的通用式包装箱设计势在必行。如何确定和选用一种适应于不同载荷特性的减振方案,成为航天器运输减振设计的关键点和技术难点。方法针对这一问题,分析了目标产品的尺寸接口和质量特性,对卫星不同舱段运输工况进行了振动特性分析和试验。结果在此基础上设计了一种适用于3种卫星舱体、4种运输状态通用的包装箱减振分系统,并对装载尺寸参数进行了优化。系统一阶垂向频率不高于5.8 Hz。结论运输试验数据表明新型减振系统对航天产品的减振效果满足要求。     

测土配方施肥对油菜生产的影响——基于1 722份田间试验材料的经济学分析

论文基于1 722份田间试验数据,将氮、磷、钾肥的投入量和油菜的产出量分别折算为相应的具体投入值和产出值,首先,运用超越对数生产函数模型计算出各种化肥要素的边际产出,研究发现氮、磷、钾肥的投入对油菜产出值的作用大小存在一定差异,对油菜产出值的影响大小关系为氮肥>磷肥>钾肥,其中氮肥的产出弹性值为0.288 3,磷肥的产出弹性值为0.180 3,钾肥的产出弹性值为0.087 7。其次,继续探究氮、磷、钾肥在油菜生产中的相互关系,结果显示,氮肥替代弹性系数为-0.058 8,磷肥为0.120 9,钾肥为0.281 0。最后,测算出使油菜产出值最大的氮肥最佳投入值为951.20 元/hm²,最佳磷肥投入值为3 766.08 元/hm²,最佳钾肥投入值为621.32 元/hm²。     

立井揭煤前测定煤层瓦斯压力的方法与实践

为了解决复杂环境下立井揭煤前煤层瓦斯压力的可靠测定,基于揭煤井筒瓦斯地质特征、煤岩体物理力学性质,应用COMSOL软件模拟揭煤工作面在接近目标煤层时,井筒周围煤岩的地应力分布特征,直观展现了目标煤层中的应力分布结果。模拟结果表明,立井工作面距煤层的垂直距离为7 m时,煤层中会形成一个近似于环形的卸压圈,卸压半径为16 m,因此煤层瓦斯压力测试孔的终孔位置应布置在井筒中心线16 m以外的原始地应力区,以保证测压点瓦斯压力不受揭煤井筒卸压区的影响,令测压结果准确可靠,从而更好地预测煤与瓦斯突出区域的危险性。同时,结合立井揭煤工作面的水文地质特征和井筒严重淋水情况,自主研发并应用了瓦斯测压孔"两堵一注"封孔材料及特定的封孔工艺,进一步保障了封孔质量和瓦斯压力测试结果的可靠性。最后,依据测压结束时测压管内的实际水压情况,对测压结果进行修正,并依据实测瓦斯含量,采用间接法对所测得的瓦斯压力进行验证,实测值在反算得到的瓦斯压力值域内,表明此方法有效可行。     

Are you okay to drive? Commuting behavior and blood alcohol concentrations among restaurant diners

Objective: Drink driving is widely recognized as a major road safety problem. In Australia, health promotion messages encourage monitoring the number of standard drinks consumed prior to driving. This pilot research aimed to investigate commuting behavior and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of diners, including intended drivers, at Sunshine Coast restaurants.

Methods: Five hundred and forty-four diners (n = 260 males) consented to participate in a brief interview and to use a breathalyzer device to measure their BAC.

Results: Forty percent of participants advised they don't drink and drive (34% of males, 45% of females; 67.25% of <17–20 years, 30.5% of 50–59 years), and of the remaining participants, 75% advised they count the number of their drinks (69% of males, 84% of females; 32% of <17–20 years, 82% of 50–59 years), while 10% of participants monitored their BAC by how they were feeling (12% of males, 6% of females). Thirty-seven percent of participants said it was easy/very easy to estimate their BAC (41% of males; 33% of females; 21% of <17–20 years, 43% of 50–59 years). The actual BAC was less than expected for 56% of participants, with one-third underestimating BAC and some intended drivers having an actual BAC in excess of the 0.05 limit.

Conclusions: Given the proportion of diners who reported they count the number of drinks, or use feelings as a way to gauge BAC, coupled with the considerable proportion who underestimated their BAC, a safer public health message is to avoid driving if you intend to drink. In addition, targeted intervention for experienced drivers (and, arguably, drinkers) appears warranted, as every participant aged less than 21 years who stated he or she would drive home indeed had a zero BAC. Interestingly every female driver who stated she would be driving home also had a legal BAC, suggesting gender-specific intervention.     

基于MATLAB和有限元的虚拟振动试验系统

通过MATLAB平台建立了虚拟振动设备包括振动台和控制器,采用有限元软件建立振动台动圈、夹具、试件一体化模型作为被控对象,与虚拟振动设备形成闭环的虚拟振动试验系统,可开展仿真试验,成为振动试验辅助设计平台。