基于健康风险的场地土壤修复限值分析

以某有机污染场地为研究对象,综合选择USEPA、ASTM和VROM等认可程度较高的健康风险评价方法,结合我国的人群特点和场地特征修正风险评估参数,对该场地污染土壤进行健康风险分析。监测结果表明,土壤中苯、苯并(a)芘和苯并(a)蒽3种有机污染物分别超过了其风险筛选值。通过口腔摄入、皮肤接触和呼吸吸入污染物3种暴露途径计算健康风险,污染土壤对人体产生的叠加致癌风险概率CR和非致癌危害HQ分别达到了9.59×10-5和15.46,会对该场地上的居民产生较大健康危害。根据CR和HQ的可接受风险水平10-6和1,将土壤中苯并(a)芘和苯并(a)蒽的修复目标值确定为0.033 mg/kg和0.33 mg/kg。     

基于循证方法的施工现场安全事故预防体系研究

为提高施工现场安全绩效,构建基于循证方法的施工现场安全事故预防体系。阐明施工现场安全循证预防(EBP)的定义、内涵、核心思想,梳理循证预防解决安全问题的思路,并且提出施工现场安全管理循证预防的流程框架。结果表明:针对施工现场安全事故预防中的不足,循证方法解决问题的思路体现在理论和方法 2个层面;施工现场安全管理循证预防体系分为循证诊断和循证干预2个阶段,具体包括安全检查表、框架表示法、荟萃(Meta)分析等关键步骤。     

对新农村建设中农信社业务发展的思考

面对农村金融市场日益激烈的竞争环境和新农村建设对农信社业务发展提出的新要求,农信社要更加关注、全面分析业务发展中存在的问题,树立支农新理念;重视市场调研,准确定位;加大业务发展创新力度;强化服务水平和质量,以加快农信社业务的发展。     

基于DEMATEL-ANP水电施工现场安全评价模型研究

提出了一种适用于水利水电工程施工现场安全评价方法——DEMATEL-ANP方法,利用DEMATEL方法计算安全评价指标之间相互影响的强度,同时考虑到DEMATEL方法将各评价指标权重视为相同的弊端,将DEMATEL与ANP方法相结合,利用ANP方法获得安全评价指标的权重。通过建立基于DEMATEL-ANP方法的水利水电工程施工现场安全评价模型,提出从安全评价指标ANP权重排序、混合权重的安全评价指标关联度排序以及因果图等三个方面寻找改善安全管理的措施,为水利水电施工企业安全管理提供分析依据。     

简易垃圾填埋场存在问题及治理技术探讨

分析了大冶有色金属公司简易垃圾场存在垃圾堆体不稳、二次污染的问题,探讨了控制污染源、防止二次污染及堆体倒塌的治理技术。     

地基基础与建筑场地类别划分

基于与建筑地基震害密切相关的地基土性状及基础条件,讨论了岩土工程勘察设计工作中关于场地土和建筑场地类别划分的主要依据,提出了对我国现行《建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011 2001)》进行基础埋深、覆盖层厚度和复合地基的地基土性状的修正, 并经场地土层地震反应分析论述了进一步划分建筑场地类别的必要性和可能性。以北京的2个典型工程场地为代表,分别讨论了基础埋深和覆盖层厚度对建筑场地类别划分的影响,并通过场地土层地震反应分析,得到自然地面上、基础埋深处土层的反应谱,同时也计算了在考虑或不考虑低速粘性土夹层情况下对土层地震反应结果的影响程度。最后,根据综合峰值加速度、加速度反应谱最大值的对比结果认为对原有的建筑场地类别划分方法有必要进行修正。     

Food site residence time and female competitive relationships in wild gray-cheeked mangabeys (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lophocebus albigena</Emphasis>)

Authors of socioecological models propose that food distribution affects female social relationships in that clumped food resources, such as fruit, result in strong dominance hierarchies and favor coalition formation with female relatives. A number of Old World monkey species have been used to test predictions of the socioecological models. However, arboreal forest-living Old World monkeys have been understudied in this regard, and it is legitimate to ask whether predominantly arboreal primates living in tropical forests exhibit similar or different patterns of behavior. Therefore, the goal of our study was to investigate female dominance relationships in relation to food in gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena). Since gray-cheeked mangabeys are largely frugivorous, we predicted that females would have linear dominance hierarchies and form coalitions. In addition, recent studies suggest that long food site residence time is another important factor in eliciting competitive interactions. Therefore, we also predicted that when foods had long site residence times, higher-ranking females would be able to spend longer at the resource than lower-ranking females. Analyses showed that coalitions were rare relative to some other Old World primate species, but females had linear dominance hierarchies. We found that, contrary to expectation, fruit was not associated with more agonism and did not involve long site residence times. However, bark, a food with a long site residence time and potentially high resource value, was associated with more agonism, and higher-ranking females were able to spend more time feeding on it than lower-ranking females. These results suggest that higher-ranking females may benefit from higher food and energy intake rates when food site residence times are long. These findings also add to accumulating evidence that food site residence time is a behavioral contributor to female dominance hierarchies in group-living species.     

Do bumble bee queens choose nest sites to maximize foraging rate? Testing models of nest site selection

We proposed “foundress-max” hypothesis that a bumble bee foundress chooses her nest site to maximize her energy intake rate from nectar. To examine the hypothesis, we estimated the maximum energy intake rate at each site in the study area and compared the distribution of the maximum energy intake rates with those of actual nest sites. We also calculated rank correlations of the maximum energy intake rate with the number of nest-searching foundresses at 54 sites. The nest locations supported the foundress-max hypothesis, but the number of nest-searching foundresses did not. This could be attributed to the density of food sites: many food sites may attract many foundresses. Therefore, we subsequently proposed “foundress-sum” hypothesis that a foundress chooses her nest site to maximize the sum of energy intake rates. The nest locations supported the foundress-max hypothesis more than the foundress-sum hypothesis. A profitable food site would affect foundresses’ nest site selection.     

三种表面活性剂对高浓度DDTs污染土壤的洗脱作用

以高浓度滴滴涕(DDTs)污染场地土壤为研究对象,采用表面活性剂洗脱试验,比较研究了聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单硬脂酸酯(Tween60)、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(TritonX 100)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对污染土壤中DDTs的洗脱效率.试验结果表明,三种表面活性剂对污染土壤中DDTs均具有一定的洗脱作用,去离子水对DDTs几乎没有洗脱效果.随着洗脱液中Tween60和SDS质量浓度的逐渐升高,土壤中DDTs的总洗脱效率逐渐增大,一次性洗脱时最大洗脱效率分别为43.60%和34.62%.随着洗脱液中TritonX 100质量浓度的逐渐升高,土壤中DDTs的总洗脱效率出现先增大后降低再升高的变化现象,最大为15.46%.土壤中六种DDT组分的洗脱效率不完全一样,其中Tween60对2,4'-DDD的洗脱效率可达55.12%,对4,4'-DDD的洗脱效率为54.09%;SDS对2,4'-DDD的洗脱效率为59.99%,对4,4'-DDD的洗脱效率为57.10%.试验结果可为筛选适宜的表面活性剂及质量浓度,研发高浓度DDTs污染场地土壤表面活性剂洗脱修复技术的工程应用提供理论依据.     

台州水系表层沉积物典型POPs污染现状及生态风险

为探讨典型废物拆解地工业结构转型期环境POPs(persistent organic pollutants,持久性有机污染物)污染特征变化情况,使用气相色谱/高分辨质谱法测定了台州水系表层沉积物中PCDD/Fs(二英类)、dl-PCBs(共平面多氯联苯)和PBDEs(多溴联苯醚),并利用主因子分析等手段分析了其来源. 结果表明,台州椒江和金清闸海湾2387-PCDD/Fs毒性当量浓度(以WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ计,下同)中位值分别为3.18和1.91 ng/kg,dl-PCBs毒性当量浓度分别为0.26和0.62 ng/kg,w(∑PBDEs)分别为22.5和19.7 μg/kg,处于我国和全球河流(海湾)表层沉积物POPs污染的中等水平,低于其他电子废物拆解地等严重污染区. 台州河流(海湾)表层沉积物PCDD/Fs主要来源于燃煤,dl-PCBs主要来源于历史上多氯联苯的使用或电子废物拆解活动,PBDEs主要来源于相关阻燃剂的使用和电子废物拆解活动. 位于化工园区排水口的YTZ采样点PCDD/Fs和dl-PCBs的毒性当量浓度分别达到6.54×104和7.84×103 ng/kg,污染可能来源于化工废料加工和再生金属生产,表明台州在工业结构转型期出现的新POPs污染源,应引起重视. 台州部分表层沉积物样品中的PCDD/Fs和dl-PCBs的总毒性当量浓度超过美国和加拿大的沉积物质量指导值,存在一定的生态风险.