基于细胞尺度的光照对四尾栅藻生长的影响

以四尾栅藻（Scenedesmus quadricauda）为研究对象,采用平行平板流动腔装置,基于计算机视觉的藻细胞动态生长观察方法,从单细胞尺度研究不同光照强度对四尾栅藻藻细胞生长的影响.成功建立了四尾栅藻个体生长曲线模型,模型拟合效果良好.结果表明：在8000lux光照强度下,藻细胞的体积最大比生长速率最大,即四尾栅藻生长的最适光照强度为8000lux;适宜的光照条件可以增加藻细胞分裂时的大小,小于8000lux时,藻细胞分裂体积随着光照强度的增加而增加,大于8000lux时,藻细胞分裂时体积反而越来越小;较高的光照强度还有利于藻细胞适应新的环境,减少藻细胞复苏时间.     

A Social Contract for Biotechnology: Shared Visions for Risky Technologies?

Future technological developmentsconcerning food, agriculture, and theenvironment face a gulf of social legitimationfrom a skeptical public and media, in the wakeof the crises of BSE, GM food, and foot andmouth disease in the UK (House of Lords, 2000). Keyethical issues were ignored by the bioindustry,regulators, and the Government, leaving alegacy of distrust. The paper examinesagricultural biotechnology in terms of a socialcontract, whose conditions would have to be fulfilled togain acceptance of novel applications. Variouscurrent and future GM applications areevaluated against these conditions. Successwould depend critically on how far a sharedvision can be found with the public. Tore-establish trust, significant changes areidentified in the planning and pursuit ofbiotechnology.     

玻璃幕墙眩光污染模拟分析

玻璃幕墙是城市建筑中常见的装饰和围护结构,但在阳光照射下,会产生不舒适眩光甚至是强烈的失能眩光,因此,眩光污染是对城市道路交通安全的重要威胁之一。对眩光的监测主要是针对眩光亮度、方位和环境光亮度分布的监测。采用彩色CCD相机测量光环境亮度的分布,并结合计算机图像处理技术,对采集的图片进行亮度提取、处理计算,最后得出眩光评价值。通过实验室模拟玻璃幕墙眩光实验,对不同中性密度滤光片下的测量结果进行对比,从而选择恰当中性密度滤光片对实际建筑眩光测量,得出不同时间的眩光测量值。通过一系列的实验结论,将有助于眩光的污染防治和城市交通的安全防护。     

Higher education level teaching of (master’s) programmes in sustainable development: analysis of views on prerequisites and practices based on a worldwide survey

The concept of sustainable development (SD) has highly been debated since it was presented 25 years ago, with ‘hard science’ approaches on one side and more process-oriented approaches on the other side. Academic teaching in SD has emerged in response to this in very different contexts, partly mirroring this academic debate. Some master’s programmes in SD take a strong science approach, while other programmes focus on the process of implementing sustainability projects, sometimes connected with forms of action research and teaching. In this article, we identify diverse views on the concept of SD as well as views on most relevant modes of teaching. We discuss core competencies required for sustainability professionals in their working practices and we organise them in three main clusters: Know, Interact and Be (KIB). The article presents the results of a worldwide survey, which addresses these visions on the concept of SD, the capabilities needed for ‘sustainable development professionals’ and the teaching approach needed. The analysis is based on the responses of 54 lecturers and 287 students active in 34 SD master’s programmes on all continents. The results of this worldwide survey are discussed. We observe in practice some gaps between preferences and practice. Looking at what both lecturers and students see as essential topics to address, some topics get relatively less attention (like the population issue). The identified core competencies (KIB) are supported and all addressed in practice, while the ‘Be’ competencies receive relatively less attention. Suggested consequences for academic teaching include a further matching of programmes with perceived needs and bridging the gap between the experienced teaching approaches in practice with such identified needs.     

一种计量青鳉鱼胸鳍和尾鳍摆动频率和幅值的计算机视觉算法

青鳉鱼在饮用水安全领域具有很高的应用价值,其鱼鳍的活动状态可以反映水质的污染状况。但由于技术条件的限制,传统的方法无法实时而有效地提取到这些特征。针对这个问题,提出了一种可以高效识别并测量青鳉鱼胸、尾鳍摆动频率和幅值的计算机视觉算法。其中,为了快速地提取到这2个细节,自动阈值分割、帧差法、背景差分法、重心法、图像卷积和骨架细化等耗时极短的图像处理方法被应用到这项研究当中。初步试验显示这种算法在应用过程中是高效而可行的。它可以被广泛地应用到水环境监测领域,如研究有毒物质对青鳉鱼行为特性的影响和评估水环境的危险程度。