Prenatal manifestation of superior mesenteric artery syndrome

Intestinal obstruction is not a rarity in the newborn. Its etiology is diverse. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is a phenomenon in which the duodenum is obstructed by the SMA. This causes bowel obstruction accompanied by duodenal dilatation. It has previously been described in adults and children but rarely in infants. We report for the first time on an intrauterine manifestation of SMAS. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Management of red cell alloimmunisation in pregnancy: the non-invasive monitoring of the disease

Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) due to red cell alloimmunization was a significant cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality until the introduction of anti-D immunoglobulin, which has dramatically changed the incidence of the disease. However, it is still a major problem in affected pregnancies. The emphasis of current clinical management has shifted from an invasive approach to non-invasive monitoring of the disease. The key elements of the modern management are determining which fetuses are at risk of HDFN with the use of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma (fetal RHD genotype) and the follow-up of antigen positive fetuses by Doppler ultrasonography to detect anaemia severe enough to need treatment. When anaemia is suspected, an invasive approach is still required in a timely manner for confirmation of the degree of anaemia and to administer blood transfusions. This non-invasive approach prevents unnecessary administration of human-derived blood products, with the consequent ethical and cost implications and most importantly avoids iatrogenic conversion of mild to severe disease by avoiding need for techniques such as amniocentesis. The potential problem of the non-invasive approach is the reduction in the total number of invasive procedures, with the subsequent difficulty of maintaining the skills required to perform them. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于实时交通数据的南京市主次干道机动车排放特征分析

通过2014年RFID实时数据得到南京市主干道和次干道车流量、车速、车队构成等交通信息,基于COPERT模型获取排放因子数据,利用高时空分辨率机动车排放(HTSVE)清单系统计算道路机动车排放量.运用非参数检验和道路聚类分析,结合Arc GIS技术,分析南京市主次干道机动车排放特征.结果表明,2014年南京市主次干道机动车以小型客车为主,比例均达80%,国Ⅲ和国Ⅳ车量总数超过90%,其中以国Ⅲ车排放贡献率最大.特殊时段(低谷时段、平峰时段、高峰时段)机动车日均排放量受道路类型和周末效应共同影响,南京市主次干道以排放分担率变化规律可分为5类,同类道路具有相似的变化特征且受空间地理位置影响.基于聚类结果,对不同类型道路的小时排放特征进行分析,以期为交通环境管理提供技术手段和决策依据.