高职教育实训基地建设的研究与实践

实训基地建设是实现高职教育培养目标的需要,是培养高职人才的必要场所.本文对高职教育实训基地建设的意义、原则和实现功能等方面进行了探讨,并结合专业建设进行了有益的尝试.     

高职院校国际服务外包课程设计的探索——以中国环境管理干部学院为例

以中国环境管理干部学院为例，国际服务外包课程是在国际服务贸易和服务外包产业迅速发展的背景下设置的。通过对我国服务外包行业发展现状和人才需求特点的分析，对国际服务外包课程设置提出系统性、开放性、职业性、实践性的构想，以及调整专业结构、建立灵活人才培养模式、加强学生实习实训、利用现有资源和政策支持以及做好服务外包人才就业工作的相关措施，以确保高职院校国际服务外包课程设计的科学性与可行性。     

高等职业院校教学模式探讨

教学模式是将多种教学方法有机地加以"整合"。从教学模式的角度来研究课堂教学为教学研究提供了新的思路,为教学理论与实践架起了一座桥梁。本文介绍了教学模式的概念、作用、发展及分类,分析了高职教学模式现状并对模式的构建提出了建议。     

浅析高职数学教学中的人文精神及其培养

目前在高职高专数学教育中存在着只注重数学知识、数学思维、数学思想的研究和教学的现象，而数学教学中应体现的人文精神却常常被忽视了。本文分析了数学教学中蕴涵的人文精神，并提出应坚持自觉性与渗透性的原则，加强数学教学中人文精神培养。     

关于高职园林专业职业素质培养的几点思考

高职园林专业职业素质培养中存在认识不足、形式落后、评价体系不科学等问题，应该通过明确认识，使教学内容多样化，增强师资力量，提高评价体系的科学性等来对园林专业及高职院校相关专业进行教学改革。     

论高职院校的市场定位

现代职业教育迅速发展,要想职业教育在这种形式下良好发展,就需要把他自身的特色发挥出来,作好高职教育特色化,首当其冲的就是做好高职院校的市场定位.     

农业高等职业教育成本补偿问题研究

提升农业职业教育水平和提高农业职业院校办学效益,要本着收益原则与承受能力原则相结合、公平原则与效率原则相结合、确实原则与透明度原则相结合.在对农业高等职业教育成本补偿的现状进行了较为充分的分析研究后,建议通过合理确定学费补偿标准、增加国家财政负担份额、利用贷款制、发展教育储蓄、实行订单式培养、积极拓展经费来源等途径来完善农业高等职业教育成本补偿.     

Transmission of a pathogen in Bombus terrestris,with a note on division of labour in social insects

Summary Parasites of social insect workers can be transmitted within the colony to other, related host individuals or, alternatively, to unrelated workers of other colonies. Division of labour affects the probability of transmission, as young individuals often work inside the nest whereas older ones often leave the nest to forage. Therefore, the relative probabilities of transmission within-vs. between-nests is also affected by the delay between host infection and the shedding of propagules, i.e. the latent period of the parasite strain. We therefore hypothesized that strains of the flagellate parasite Crithidia bombi (Trypanosomatidae, Zoomastigophorea) infecting workers of the bumble bee Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera, Apidae) could differ in their delays and coexist in a population. This would be the case if strains that are shed after a short time delay were more efficiently transmitted to other colony members, whereas strains with long delays were more efficiently transmitted to non-related workers in the population. We tested this hypothesis by experimentally varying time delay and by allowing transmission to either sister workers from the same nest or unrelated workers from other nests. Transmission of C. bombi was measured as the number of parasitic cells shed by the exposed workers after a standard period. The results showed that relatedness as such had no effect, but that delay and nest identity were highly significant effects to explain variation in transmission success. There was a significant interaction between nest identity and delay, such that bees of some colonies acted as efficient transmitters for C. bombi under short delays and vice versa. We discuss how division of labour may affect parasitism in social insects and, vice versa, how division of labour may be under selection from the effects of parasitism, using available evidence from the literature. Correspondence to: P. Schmid-Hempel     

国际高等职业教育的比较研究

本文分析了高等职业教育产生的背景，从办学定位、办学方式、培养目标、课程开发、培养途径、师资队伍、经费保障、法律保障等方面，比较研究了发达国家或地区的高等职业教育，最后提出了发展我国高等职业教育的若干建议。     

Division of labour in a crisis: task allocation during colony emigration in the ant Leptothorax unifasciatus (Latr.)

Division of labour during colony emigration is widespread in ants. An important problem is how tasks are allocated during colony movement from one nest site to another. The generally favoured view is that emigrations are organised by a minority group of individuals, which either work unusually hard at tasks (elites) or have the exclusive task of carrying out the emigration (moving specialists). Five consecutive emigrations of a Leptothorax unifasciatus (Latr.) colony showed that the number of transporters, i.e. the individuals that took an active part in the emigration by transporting brood and ants, was smaller than it would have been if allocation of this task was random during each emigration. However, single emigrations of another three colonies, for which the spatial distribution and behaviour of the workers had been observed for a week prior to the emigration, demonstrated that the transporters did not form a homogeneous group. They differed in their spatial positions and tasks before the emigration. There was also no evidence that transporters worked harder or less hard than their nestmates before the emigration. Therefore, the individuals which carry out emigrations in L. unifasciatus colonies appear to be neither moving specialists nor elites. We propose that task allocation during emigrations of L. unifasciatus colonies is based on a feedback mechanism that involves learning.