聚磷菌厌氧时吸收乙酸和丙酸的代谢模型

水体中存在过多的磷是造成水体富营养化的重要原因之一,聚磷菌（polyphosphate accumulating organisms）因为能过量吸收磷而倍受关注。厌氧时,聚磷菌能大量吸收污水中的挥发性脂肪酸,经过一系列的生化反应,为好氧吸磷做准备。经过总结在厌氧条件下,聚磷菌Accumulibacter吸收乙酸和丙酸代谢转化的化学计量方程,并对模型中系数、还原力的产生、糖原降解途径以及厌氧条件下最终产物PHA的组成进行了讨论,得出挥发酸是通过主动运输进入细胞,且糖原经过ED途径提供还原力,多聚磷酸盐水解提供ATP和释放磷酸盐于体外,最终产生PHA的假设过程。但是,经过众多模型试验,一些假设仍没有得到最后的结论,所以应该进一步用富集程度较高的污泥进行精确研究。本文最终希望利用聚磷菌的代谢模型在工程运用中发挥最大效用。     

Improved speciation of dissolved organic nitrogen in natural waters: amide hydrolysis with fluorescence derivatization

The objective of this study was to improve primary-amine nitrogen (1°-N) quantification in dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from natural waters where inorganic forms of N, which may cause analytical interference, are commonly encountered. Efforts were targeted at elucidating organic-N structural criteria influencing the response of organic amines to known colorimetric and fluorescent reagents and exploring the use of divalent metal-assisted amide hydrolysis in combination with fluorescence analyse...     

珠江三角洲典型生态系统有机含硫气体地气交换通量比较

选取珠江三角洲森林、稻田和城市草地和菜地为研究对象,运用静态箱法,测量土壤COS、DMS、CS2和DMDS通量,并分析了环境因子对含硫气体交换速率的影响。结果表明,稻田和菜地交换速率最大,城市草地次之,森林土壤交换速率最小。森林土壤吸收COS,释放DMS,有凋落物土壤气体交换速率高于无凋落物土壤,CS2和DMDS源与汇存在很大不确定性。森林COS通量受温度、土壤含水量、土壤肥力、土壤微生物和土壤呼吸的共同影响;有水稻稻田吸收COS,无水稻稻田释放COS,有水稻稻田DMS释放速率显著高于无水稻稻田。干旱稻田土壤吸收COS,水淹土壤释放COS,但DMS、CS2和DMDS释放速率两者间无显著影响;城市草地吸收COS释放DMS,CS2和DMDS存在不确定性,有草土壤COS和DMS交换速率高于无草土壤,割草前后气体释放速率无显著变化;菜地释放VOSCs,其中DMDS占75%。     

Effect of rhizosphere on soil microbial community and in-situ pyrene biodegradation

To access the influence of a vegetation on soil microorganisms toward organic pollutant biogegration, this study examined the rhizospheric effects of four plant species (sudan grass, white clover, alfalfa, and fescue) on the soil microbial community and in-situ pyrene (PYR) biodegradation. The results indicated that the spiked PYR levels in soils decreased substantially compared to the control soil without planting. With equal planted densities, the efficiencies of PYR degradation in rhizosphere with sudan grass, white clover, alfalfa and fescue were 34.0%, 28.4%, 27.7%, and 9.9%, respectively. However, on the basis of equal root biomass the efficiencies were in order of white clover >> alfalfa > sudan > fescue. The increased PYR biodegradation was attributed to the enhanced bacterial population and activity induced by plant roots in the rhizosphere. Soil microbial species and biomasses were elucidated in terms of microbial phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid (PLFA) biomarkers. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant changes in PLFA pattern in planted and non-planted soils spiked with PYR. Total PLFAs in planted soils were all higher than those in non-planted soils. PLFA assemblages indicated that bacteria were the primary PYR degrading microorganisms, and that Gram-positive bacteria exhibited higher tolerance to PYR than Gram-negative bacteria did.     

我国部分商品瓶装饮用水中挥发性有机物的研究

应用Tekmar3000吹扫捕集-气相色谱质谱组合分析仪,参照USEPA的标准分析方法,对我国某些商品瓶装饮用水中挥发性有机物进行了定量分析,结果表明,其含量一般在1～8μg/L,其中普遍含有具三致潜力的卤代烃与苯系物。虽然这些毒理性指标均可达到我国瓶装饮用纯净水卫生标准,但与国外优质瓶装饮用水相比,存在明显的差距。瓶装饮用水中挥发性有机物主要与深度处理技术和组合工艺有关,可通过改进这些技术而得以有效控制。      

小东江底泥中挥发酚的垂向分布研究

将沿小东江流域布点采集到的底泥样,根据其理化性质,从上到下分为A(0～10cm)、B(10～20cm)、C(20～35cm)、D(35～65cm)层,分析发现:挥发酚含量B>A>C>D层;A～D层挥发酚含量最高点分别对应的是细砂土、面砂土、砂粘土和面砂土.      

配煤添加剂对燃烧烟气的影响

燃煤排放的污染是造成我国大气污染的主要原因。本文分析了添加剂对煤炭燃烧的影响机理,指出配煤添加剂是改善动力煤燃烧的污染排放问题的一个可行途径。     

常压非平衡态等离子体降解挥发性烃类污染物

采用无声放电产生的非平衡态等离子体,对含有易挥发性有机化合物正己烷、环己烷、苯和甲苯4种典型的烃类废气的空气进行了处理．结果表明,对于一个大气压下正己烷含量（体积分数）为0．26％、0．79％、13％的宁气,在12kV的电压下放电ls,正己烷的降解率分别为88％、81.8％、64．9％．含有环己洗、苯及甲苯浓度为0．26％的空气,在同样的条件下,放电ls后,环己烷、苯及甲苯降解率分别为87．4％、8l％和70．3％,其主要降解产物为CO₂和H₂O．还研究了污染物浓度与氧含量对非平衡态等离子体法降解挥发性烃类污染物的影响     

Source apportionment and ozone formation potential of volatile organic compounds in Lagos (Nigeria)

Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the city air in Oba Akran road, Lagos were investigated. The chlorinated VOCs and xylene in Oba Akran were high. The average benzene/toluene ratio in Oba Akran was 1.7 suggesting that vehicular emission was a possible VOC source in most areas of Oba Akran. The toluene/(m+p-xylene) ratio also suggests a common source of toluene and xylene at these sites, presumably organic solvent used by industries located at Oba Akran. Our results showed that 7.10 tons of CO ₂ equivalents of VOCs are being emitted per year from Oba Akran. Xylenes were found to be the largest contributor to the ozone formation followed by trichloroethylene. A multivariate statistical analysis (Factor analysis extracted with Principal Component Analysis) has been applied to a set of data, and it was found that the main principal components, extracted from the air VOC pollution data, were related to gasoline and oil combustion/industrial activities.     

臭氧-生物活性炭对微污染原水中典型持久性有机物的去除效果

以长三角地区J市典型有机微污染水源P水厂为研究对象,考察了臭氧-生物活性炭深度处理工艺对微污染水源水中有机物的去除效果.结果表明,臭氧-生物活性炭深度处理使高锰酸盐指数、总有机碳(TOC)和UV254的平均去除率分别提升19. 2%、10. 4%和23. 0%.水厂原水中检出8种多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon,PAHs)、16种有机氯农药(organochlorine pesticides,OCPs)、5种卤乙酸(haloacetic acids,HAAs),其总浓度分别为53. 9~100. 0、6. 5~41. 8、2. 5×103~1. 1×104ng·L~(-1),臭氧-生物活性炭深度处理对多环芳烃和有机氯农药的平均去除率分别为32. 5%和25. 9%,比常规处理工艺出水的水质有显著提升.卤乙酸的去除率为33. 8%~87. 0%,主要通过常规处理工艺去除;臭氧-生物活性炭深度处理对氯代乙酸略有去除,溴代乙酸有少量生成.