An association between fetal abdominal wall defects and elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin in mid-trimester

We analysed maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in 16 pregnancies with fetal abdominal wall defects previously identified prenatally by elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) or at birth. The AFP levels had a mean of 6·38 MOM (range 0·34–15·65), as expected with these defects. The hCG levels had a mean of 1·82 MOM (range 0·23–4·11). The hCG levels in five pregnancies (31·25 per cent) were above 2·30 MOM. Elevated levels of hCG may be associated with fetal abdominal wall defects.     

国道319线厦门海沧生态挡墙的应用研究

介绍了生态挡墙在国道319线上的应用研究，包括挡墙的作用机理、设计及施工工艺等。     

岩溶对黄壁庄水库副坝坝基渗流场的影响分析

黄壁庄水库副坝曾多次出现管涌流沙和塌坝现象,其影响因素诸多,而基岩中溶洞和破碎带的存在是重要影响因素之一。为此,选择溶洞坝段进行三维渗流场的数值模拟,分析了溶洞的存在与否对坝基渗流场的改造作用以及对坝体渗透坡降的影响,并时设置防渗墙的必要性进行讨论,为除险加固措施的制订提供参考。     

Prenatal assessment of anterior abdominal wall defects and their prognosis

Eighty-eight cases of abdominal wall defect with and without other lesions were ascertained by reviewing all labour room records in the West of Scotland, all surgical admissions to the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill, and all post mortems at Royal Hospital for Sick Children between 1978 and 1981. The affected cases comprised 39 terminations of pregnancy (17 of anterior abdominal wall defect without neural tube defect). 20 spontaneous stillbirths and 29 livebirths. All 10 cases of body stalk anomaly, 37.5 per cent of 16 gastroschisis cases and 53 per cent of 62 exomphalos cases had additional severe abnormalities. Abnormal karyotypes were present in seven out of 19 exomphalos cases but all karyotypes from 10 gastroschisis and 6 body stalk anomaly cases were normal. No correlation was found between the maternal serum AFP levels, the amniotic AFP levels and acetylcholinesterase results and the size of the lesion. It is proposed that anterior abdominal wall defects detected prenatally should have chromosome analysis and careful ultrasound to exclude associated severe anomalies before coming to a decision about termination. This policy was implemented in six pregnancies complicated by fetal gastroschisis without severe associated anomalies which were identified in the second trimester and continued to term. Immediate surgical repair was achieved in each case, although two of the infants succumbed from later complications of gastroschisis closure and one from respiratory distress syndrome. The remaining three infants made a satisfactory recovery.     

膨胀石墨吸附材料在环境保护中的应用

介绍了膨胀石墨吸附材料的特点、结合国内外研究资料和我们对膨胀石墨吸附性能的研究，重点分析了这种新型吸附材料在环境保护中的各种用途     

真菌(Aspergillus sp.)吸附Cu2+的研究

利用真菌Aspergillus sp.制备生物吸附剂,吸附重金属离子铜,实验分析了影响吸附率和吸附量的因素,结果表明,优化条件下,30℃, pH值5.0,起始Cu2+浓度50mg/L,摇床转速150r/min,经1mol/L NaOH预处理的吸附剂用量为5g/L,吸附时间45min,该吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附率达到92.22%.通过细胞显微观察和X-射线光电子能谱技术手段推断该菌细胞壁是Cu2+ 吸附的主要部位.     

The role of glomalin, a protein produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, in sequestering potentially toxic elements

Naturally occurring soil organic compounds stabilize potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as Cu, Cd, Pb, and Mn. The hypothesis of this work was that an insoluble glycoprotein, glomalin, produced in copious amounts on hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) sequesters PTEs. Glomalin can be extracted from laboratory cultures of AMF and from soils. Three different experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 showed that glomalin extracted from two polluted soils contained 1.6-4.3 mg Cu, 0.02-0.08 mg Cd, and 0.62-1.12 mg Pb/g glomalin. Experiment 2 showed that glomalin from hyphae of an isolate of Gigaspora rosea sequestered up to 28 mg Cu/g in vitro. Experiment 3 tested in vivo differences in Cu sequestration by Cu-tolerant and non-tolerant isolates of Glomus mosseae colonizing sorghum. Plants were fed with nutrient solution containing 0.5, 10 or 20 microM of Cu. Although no differences between isolates were detected, mean values for the 20 microM Cu level were 1.6, 0.4, and 0.3 mg Cu/g for glomalin extracted from hyphae, from sand after removal of hyphae and from hyphae attached to roots, respectively. Glomalin should be considered for biostabilization leading to remediation of polluted soils.     

带内锥的方形扩散式分离器壁面磨损的数值分析

运用数值模拟方法对带内锥的方形扩散式旋风分离器壁面关键部位的磨损情况进行了数值模拟。气固相研究分别采用雷诺应力模型和随机轨道模型。计算结果显示,分离器内磨损比较严重的部位主要有：分离器顶盖、圆筒段、方形扩散段下部、反射锥外壁面、反射锥内壁面下部、灰斗及灰斗上部方形段。最严重的是反射锥外壁面、灰斗及灰斗上部方形段等几个部位。     

垂直防渗帷幕渗漏条件下示踪剂迁移模拟

为研究抽水-示踪联合检测垂直柔性污染阻隔屏障（VFBS）渗漏的可行性、灵敏度和影响因素,构建了相应的概念模型.利用等效渗透系数（EHC）方法耦合井筒-含水层水流运动,在此基础上利用多物理场仿真数值模型模拟了人工水力诱导下示踪剂通过VFBS缺陷的穿透过程和规律.结果表明：在抽水诱导下,VFBS两侧形成人为的水力压差加速了示踪剂穿过漏洞的速度.但整体上,穿过漏洞的示踪剂仍然是极少部分,大部分示踪剂围绕注入井分布.在典型条件下（漏洞深度2.2m、大小0.5m、注入浓度1000μg/L和流速1L/h）,示踪剂在对侧监测井中于第4d检出,第5d达到峰值.漏洞越深,峰值浓度越低,检出时间越长.深度增至4m以上时,示踪剂无法在对侧检出.以典型条件中4m漏洞深度为例,漏洞水平位置的偏移也会降低峰值浓度,偏移4m时,示踪剂无法在对侧检出;投加浓度越大,峰值浓度越大,但峰值时间不变,浓度小于2000μg/L时,示踪剂无法检出;漏洞尺寸越大,峰值浓度越大,均在第6d达到峰值浓度,但均不能检出,预测漏洞边长至少为1.07m时,示踪剂方可在对侧检出.总体上,按照对示踪剂穿透过程影响大小排序：水平偏移距离 > 漏洞深度 > 漏洞大小 > 投加浓度.     

高压均质对蓝藻有机质释放与厌氧发酵产酸的促进效果

为提高蓝藻在厌氧发酵过程中的资源化利用率,采用高压均质技术处理蓝藻以提高其厌氧发酵产VFAs（挥发性脂肪酸）的效率,通过对蓝藻进行不同压力和pH的高压均质处理,比较处理后蓝藻营养物质的释放情况,并确定该处理的优选运行条件;同时,对未处理蓝藻、高压均质蓝藻、热碱蓝藻进行厌氧发酵试验,评估高压均质处理对蓝藻发酵产酸效果的影响.结果表明:不同条件下高压均质的蓝藻所释放的有机质均较处理前有所提高,其中高压均质的优选条件为压力100 MPa和pH=11,该条件下ρ（SCOD）（SCOD为溶解性化学需氧量）可达22.74 g/L,比对照组提高了52.34倍.在厌氧发酵试验中,高压均质处理在促进有机质释放的同时,还可以提高底物的可生化性,进而提升产酸量.高压均质蓝藻产VFAs的质量浓度最高达8.22 g/L,是对照组的2.16倍.另外,高压均质处理蓝藻的CST（毛细吸水时间）由热碱预处理蓝藻的2 940 s降至1 940 s,减缓了有机质释放带来的脱水性能的恶化趋势.研究显示,高压均质预处理能够提高蓝藻细胞有机质释放、改善碳源可生化性、促进厌氧发酵产酸量,并且降低了分离回收碳源的难度.